Bacterial small RNAs are small RNAs produced by bacteria; they are 50- to 500-nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules, highly structured and containing several stem-loops.[1][2] Numerous sRNAs have been identified using both computational analysis and laboratory-based techniques such as Northern blotting, microarrays and RNA-Seq[3] in a number of bacterial species including Escherichia coli,[4][5][6] the model pathogen Salmonella,[7] the nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti,[8] marine cyanobacteria,[9]Francisella tularensis (the causative agent of tularaemia),[10]Streptococcus pyogenes[11], the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus[12], and the plant pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae.[13] Bacterial sRNAs affect how genes are expressed within bacterial cells via interaction with mRNA or protein, and thus can affect a variety of bacterial functions like metabolism, virulence, environmental stress response, and structure.[7][12]
^Vogel J, Wagner EG (June 2007). "Target identification of small noncoding RNAs in bacteria". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 10 (3): 262–70. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2007.06.001. PMID 17574901.
^Viegas SC, Arraiano CM (2008). "Regulating the regulators: How ribonucleases dictate the rules in the control of small non-coding RNAs". RNA Biology. 5 (4): 230–43. doi:10.4161/rna.6915. PMID 18981732.
^Wassarman KM, Repoila F, Rosenow C, Storz G, Gottesman S (July 2001). "Identification of novel small RNAs using comparative genomics and microarrays". Genes & Development. 15 (13): 1637–51. doi:10.1101/gad.901001. PMC 312727. PMID 11445539.
^Hershberg R, Altuvia S, Margalit H (April 2003). "A survey of small RNA-encoding genes in Escherichia coli". Nucleic Acids Research. 31 (7): 1813–20. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg297. PMC 152812. PMID 12654996.
^Rivas E, Klein RJ, Jones TA, Eddy SR (September 2001). "Computational identification of noncoding RNAs in E. coli by comparative genomics". Current Biology. 11 (17): 1369–73. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00401-8. PMID 11553332. S2CID 5243194.
^Argaman L, Hershberg R, Vogel J, Bejerano G, Wagner EG, Margalit H, Altuvia S (June 2001). "Novel small RNA-encoding genes in the intergenic regions of Escherichia coli". Current Biology. 11 (12): 941–50. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00270-6. PMID 11448770.
^ abVogel J (January 2009). "A rough guide to the non-coding RNA world of Salmonella". Molecular Microbiology. 71 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06505.x. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-000E-C124-A. PMID 19007416. S2CID 205366563.
^Schlüter JP, Reinkensmeier J, Daschkey S, Evguenieva-Hackenberg E, Janssen S, Jänicke S, et al. (April 2010). "A genome-wide survey of sRNAs in the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing alpha-proteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti". BMC Genomics. 11: 245. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-245. PMC 2873474. PMID 20398411.
^Postic G, Frapy E, Dupuis M, Dubail I, Livny J, Charbit A, Meibom KL (November 2010). "Identification of small RNAs in Francisella tularensis". BMC Genomics. 11: 625. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-625. PMC 3091763. PMID 21067590.
^Tesorero RA, Yu N, Wright JO, Svencionis JP, Cheng Q, Kim JH, Cho KH (2013-01-01). "Novel regulatory small RNAs in Streptococcus pyogenes". PLOS ONE. 8 (6): e64021. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...864021T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064021. PMC 3675131. PMID 23762235.
^ abFelden B, Vandenesch F, Bouloc P, Romby P (March 2011). "The Staphylococcus aureus RNome and its commitment to virulence". PLOS Pathogens. 7 (3): e1002006. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002006. PMC 3053349. PMID 21423670.
^Liang H, Zhao YT, Zhang JQ, Wang XJ, Fang RX, Jia YT (January 2011). "Identification and functional characterization of small non-coding RNAs in Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae". BMC Genomics. 12: 87. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-87. PMC 3039613. PMID 21276262.
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