Ethnic federalism, multi-ethnic or multi-national federalism,[1] is a form of federal system in which the federated regional or state units are defined by ethnicity. Ethnic federal systems have been created in attempts to accommodate demands for ethnic autonomy and manage inter-ethnic tensions within a state. They have not always succeeded in this: problems inherent in the construction and maintenance of an ethnic federation have led to some states or sub-divisions of a state into either breaking up, resorting to authoritarian repression, or resorting to ethnocracy, ethnic segregation, population transfer, internal displacement, ethnic cleansing, and/or even ethnicity-based attacks and pogroms.[2]
This type of federation was implemented from 1994 to 2018 by Meles Zenawi in Ethiopia. Meles Zenawi and his government adopted ethnic federalism with the aim of establishing the equality of all ethnic groups in Ethiopia.[3] Features of ethnic federalism have been displayed also in other countries, including Nepal, Pakistan, South Sudan, Yugoslavia, and Apartheid-era South Africa (see Bantustans).
^Liam D. Anderson (2016),
"Ethnofederalism: The Worst form of institutional arrangement...?", Academia
^"Ethiopia: Understanding Oromia's mayhem after Hachalu's murder". The Africa Report.com. 2021-01-11. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
^Cite error: The named reference ReferenceA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Ethnicfederalism, multi-ethnic or multi-national federalism, is a form of federal system in which the federated regional or state units are defined by...
effect of radicalizing ethnic parties and increasing ethnic divisions. Many Ethiopian nationalists view the system of ethnicfederalism as having made governing...
of Abiy's general policy of distancing the country's politics from ethnicfederalism. It ran for the first time in the 2021 general election. The Prosperity...
Zone. Interpersonal ethnic violence are deepening into serious human rights violations and suffering, with the ethnicfederalism system that drew formal...
entity separate from that society, to the institution of ethnicfederalism within a multi-ethnic society, to establishing an independent sovereign state...
Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making a region ethnically...
people and ethnic groups. Some political scientists such as Stroschein contend that ethnofederalism, or federalism determined along ethnic lines, is "asymmetric"...
Federalism is a mode of government that combines a general government (the central or "federal" government) with regional governments (provincial, state...
Zenawi's administration brought Ethiopia to ethnicfederalism; he expressed his populist view that ethnic groups should share their own languages, culture...
Asymmetric federalism or asymmetrical federalism is found in a federation or other types of union in which different constituent states possess different...
against Hararis, Afars, Tigrayans, Eritreans, Somalis and Oromos. Ethnicfederalism was implemented by Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) leader...
population. Depending on the definition of "nation" (which touches on ethnicity, language, and political identity), a multinational state is usually multicultural...
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia), formed within the system of ethnicfederalism. The regions replaced the provinces in 1992 under the Transitional...
with a new constitution and ethnic-based federalism. Since then, Ethiopia has suffered from prolonged and unsolved inter-ethnic clashes and political instability...
Austro-Hungarian Empire had a version of corporative federalism and gave its number of different ethnicities their own individual rights within their own assemblies...
Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty...
multiple smaller and hostile units. It is usually caused by differences in ethnicity, culture, religion, and some other factors such as past grievances. The...
People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) regime in the pretext of ethnicfederalism in Ethiopia since 1991. Tigrayan nationalism dates back to the reign...
2021, the OPP and APP issued opposing statements, each blaming the other ethnic group for causing the violence and killings. The Borkena news website and...
co-founded the Bamar People's Liberation Army, an ethnic armed organisation that strives for ethnicfederalism in Myanmar, in which he serves as a commander...
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