For the linguistic usage of this term, see Balkan sprachbund.
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Territorial history of the Balkans from 1796 to 2008.
Balkanization or Balkanisation is the process involving the fragmentation of an area, country, or region into multiple smaller and hostile units.[1][2] It is usually caused by differences in ethnicity, culture, religion, and some other factors such as past grievances.
The term was first coined in the early 20th century, and found its roots in the depiction of events during the Balkan Wars (1912–1913) and World War I (1914–1918), specifically referring to incidents that transpired earlier in the Balkan Peninsula.[3]
The term is pejorative;[4] when sponsored or encouraged by a sovereign third party, it has been used as an accusation against such third-party nations. Controversially,[5] the term is often used by voices for the status quo to underscore the dangers of acrimonious or runaway secessionism. The Balkan peninsula is seen as an example of shatter belts in geopolitics.[6]
^Ritzer, George, ed. (2007-02-15). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosb002. ISBN 978-1-4051-2433-1.
^"The A to Z of international relations". The Economist. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
^Veliu, Liridona (2022), "Balkanization", in Richmond, Oliver P.; Visoka, Gëzim (eds.), The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 80–90, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77954-2_34, ISBN 978-3-030-77954-2, retrieved 2023-11-23
Between 1960 and 1990, balkanization led to disastrous results. The GDP of these regions were one tenth of OECD countries. Balkanization also resulted in what...
The splinternet (also referred to as cyber-balkanization or internet balkanization) is a characterization of the Internet as splintering and dividing...
acquired a stigmatized and pejorative meaning related to the process of Balkanization. The alternative term used for the region is Southeast Europe. The borders...
where reproducing the narrative of victimhood corresponds with the balkanization stereotypes, being the very narrative of the colonizer where the permanence...
war once again. The European Union fears this will lead to further Balkanization in the region. Bosnia and Herzegovina is in the western Balkans, bordering...
America in 2070, roughly twenty years after a Second American Civil War balkanized the United States into various different nations. After the Revolution...
del Este de Los Angeles in 1977. A strange time, 1971—although rock's balkanization into genres was well underway, it was often hard to tell one catch-phrase...
February 2020. Cvetković 2012, p. 130. Grumeza, Ion (2010). The Roots of Balkanization Eastern Europe C.E. 500-1500. United States of America: University Press...
2019-03-19. The term cyber-balkanization (sometimes with a hyphen) is a hybrid of cyber, relating to the internet, and Balkanization, referring to that region...
Retrieved 2015-06-26. orban wallachian. Grumeza, Ion (2010). The Roots of Balkanization: Eastern Europe C.E. 500–1500. ISBN 9780761851349. Retrieved 2015-06-26...
provoked a backlash from some advocates of majoritarianism, who lament the Balkanization of society they claim has resulted from the gains made by the multicultural...
Focus. Boston: Pearson plc. 0-205-41365-X. Meštrovic, Stjepan (1994). Balkanization of the West: The Confluence of Postmodernism and Postcommunism. Routledge...
Telcos offer data package promos that have turned the Philippines into a balkanized commercial splinternet by giving certain free zero-rated data allocations...
to You. "Ghetto" (2014), an R&B song by August Alsina Cities portal Balkanization Bantustan Blockbusting Gated community Ghetto fabulous Ghetto tax Indian...
ISBN 978-0-5212-4304-9. Grumeza, Ion (4 August 2010). The Roots of Balkanization: Eastern Europe C.E. 500–1500. University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-5135-6...
policies, beginning in 1897, which brought on the last stages of the Balkanization process. By 1903, there were discussions on establishing administrative...
viable economic areas, but it would not be attracted to a divided and balkanized Africa, with each small region engaged in senseless and suicidal economic...
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