Ergot (/ˈɜːrɡət/UR-gət) or ergot fungi refers to a group of fungi of the genus Claviceps.[1]
The most prominent member of this group is Claviceps purpurea ("rye ergot fungus"). This fungus grows on rye and related plants, and produces alkaloids that can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals who consume grains contaminated with its fruiting structure (called ergot sclerotium).[2][3]
Claviceps includes about 50 known species, mostly in the tropical regions. Economically significant species include C. purpurea (parasitic on grasses and cereals), C. fusiformis (on pearl millet, buffel grass), C. paspali (on dallis grass), C. africana[4] (on sorghum), and C. lutea (on paspalum).[5]C. purpurea most commonly affects outcrossing species such as rye (its most common host), as well as triticale, wheat, and barley. It affects oats only rarely.
C. purpurea has at least three races or varieties, which differ in their host specificity:[6]
G1 — land grasses of open meadows and fields;
G2 — grasses from moist, forest, and mountain habitats;
G3 (C. purpurea var. spartinae) — salt marsh grasses (Spartina, Distichlis).
^Schardl, Christopher L.; Panaccione, Daniel G.; Tudzynski, Paul (2006). Ergot Alkaloids – Biology and Molecular Biology. The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology. Vol. 63. pp. 45–86. doi:10.1016/S1099-4831(06)63002-2. ISBN 978-0-12-469563-4. PMID 17133714.
^ergot Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, online medical dictionary
^ergot Archived September 10, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit; Frederickson, Debra E.; McLaren, Neal W.; Odvody, Gary N.; Ryley, Malcolm J. (April 1998). "Ergot: A New Disease Threat to Sorghum in the Americas and Australia". Plant Disease. 82 (4): 356–367. doi:10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.4.356. PMID 30856881.
^Stoll, A. (October 1932). "Ergot and ergotism". The Science of Nature. 20 (41): 752–757. Bibcode:1932NW.....20..752S. doi:10.1007/BF01493390. S2CID 29050640.
^Sylvie Pazoutova. "Intraspecific variability of C. purpurea". Archived from the original on 2006-03-10.[self-published source?]
Ergot (/ˈɜːrɡət/ UR-gət) or ergot fungi refers to a group of fungi of the genus Claviceps. The most prominent member of this group is Claviceps purpurea...
Ergotism (pron. /ˈɜːrɡətˌɪzəm/ UR-gət-iz-əm) is the effect of long-term ergot poisoning, traditionally due to the ingestion of the alkaloids produced...
Claviceps purpurea is an ergot fungus that grows on the ears of rye and related cereal and forage plants. Consumption of grains or seeds contaminated...
being ergine, were initially characterized in ergot. Some of these are implicated in the condition ergotism, which can take a convulsive form or a gangrenous...
(with caffeine) and Ergomar among others, is an ergopeptine and part of the ergot family of alkaloids; it is structurally and biochemically closely related...
stress-induced mass hysteria, suggested by John Waller. Other theories include ergot and religious explanations. There is controversy concerning the number of...
Kramers Ergot is a comics anthology edited by American cartoonist Sammy Harkham and featuring contributions from artists such as Dan Clowes, Anders Nilsen...
to the ergot fungus. Consumption of ergot-infected rye by humans and animals results in a serious medical condition known as ergotism. Ergotism can cause...
precursor for a wide range of ergoline alkaloids that are produced by the ergot fungus and found in the seeds of Turbina corymbosa (ololiuhqui), Argyreia...
sclerotia is to survive environmental extremes. In some higher fungi such as ergot, sclerotia become detached and remain dormant until favorable growth conditions...
(1999). "Ergot Alkaloids and their Derivatives as Ligands for Serotoninergic, Dopaminergic, and Adrenergic Receptors". In Křen V, Cvak L (eds.). Ergot: the...
psychotropic effects from ergot (a fungus that grows on barley, containing psychedelic alkaloids similar to LSD). Discovery of fragments of ergot in a temple dedicated...
Claviceps purpurea causes ergot poisoning and ergotism in humans and other mammals. The relationship between ergot and ergotism was established only in...
this theory. Ergot fragments were found inside a vase and within the dental calculus of a 25-year-old man, providing evidence of ergot being consumed...
blood pressure. Other serious side effects include ergotism. It was originally made from the rye ergot fungus but can also be made from lysergic acid. Ergometrine...
disease, and for other indications. It is taken by mouth. Cabergoline is an ergot derivative and a potent dopamine D2 receptor agonist. Cabergoline was patented...
Bromocriptine has an ergot alkaloid structure. Ergot alkaloids are divided into 2 groups; amino acid ergot alkaloids and amine ergot alkaloids, bromocriptine...
have been younger, per prior ergotism epidemics, and would have affected males and females roughly equally. The ergotism theory is critiqued for failing...
commonly known as ergot. This fungus contains chemicals similar to those used in the synthetic psychedelic drug LSD. Convulsive ergotism causes a variety...
endophytic fungus together with other ergot alkaloids. Ergine is a component of the alkaloids contained in the ergot fungus, which grows on the heads of...
It was listed on the National Register for its role in the production of ergot from the mid-1930s through the late 1960s. The business was established...
receptors. Dinoprost was discontinued in 2015. Ergot Alkaloids refer to a set of medications derived from the rye ergot fungus with mixed receptor activity that...
Nicergoline, sold under the brand name Sermion among others, is an ergot derivative used to treat senile dementia and other disorders with vascular origins...
amatoxins in some Amanita mushrooms, and ergot alkaloids, which have a long history of causing serious epidemics of ergotism (St Anthony's Fire) in people consuming...
Plattner, R. D.; Bacon, C. W. (1986). "Occurrence of peptide and clavine ergot alkaloids in tall fescue grass". Science. 232 (4749): 487–489. Bibcode:1986Sci...
Claviceps spp. causing ergot[disputed (for: Ustilaginoidea are not ergot fungi) – discuss] however U. virens is not a Claviceps/ergot fungus, is not known...
The many plant-pathogenic ascomycetes include apple scab, rice blast, the ergot fungi, black knot, and the powdery mildews. The members of the genus Cordyceps...
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