For the fungal genus Sclerotium, see Macrotyphula.
Sclerotia of the ergot species Claviceps purpurea developing on wheat spikes
A sclerotium (/skləˈroʊʃəm/; pl.: sclerotia (/skləˈroʊʃə/),[help 1] is a compact mass of hardened fungal mycelium containing food reserves. One role of sclerotia is to survive environmental extremes. In some higher fungi such as ergot, sclerotia become detached and remain dormant until favorable growth conditions return. Sclerotia initially were mistaken for individual organisms and described as separate species until Louis René Tulasne proved in 1853 that sclerotia are only a stage in the life cycle of some fungi.[1] Further investigation showed that this stage appears in many fungi belonging to many diverse groups. Sclerotia are important in the understanding of the life cycle and reproduction of fungi, as a food source, as medicine (for example, ergotamine), and in agricultural blight management.
Examples of fungi that form sclerotia are ergot (Claviceps purpurea), Polyporus tuberaster, Psilocybe mexicana, Agroathelia delphinii and many species in Sclerotiniaceae. Although not fungal, the plasmodium of slime molds can form sclerotia in adverse environmental conditions.[2]
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^L. R. Tulasne (1853) "Mémoire sur l'ergot des Glumacées" (Memoir on the ergot of grasses), Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, 3rd series, 20 : 5–56.
^Anna Krzywda1, Elżbieta Petelenz1, Dominika Michalczyk1 e Przemysław M. Płonka (2008). "Sclerotia of the acellular (true) slime mould Fuligo septica as a model to study melanization and anabiosis" (PDF). Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters. 13 (1): 130–143. doi:10.2478/s11658-007-0047-5. PMC 6275577. PMID 17965965.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
A sclerotium (/skləˈroʊʃəm/; pl.: sclerotia (/skləˈroʊʃə/), is a compact mass of hardened fungal mycelium containing food reserves. One role of sclerotia...
the species in the old form genus Sclerotium, naming it Sclerotium rolfsii. It is, however, not a species of Sclerotium in the modern sense. In 1932, Mario...
seeds contaminated with the survival structure of this fungus, the ergot sclerotium, can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals. C. purpurea most commonly...
resembles burnt charcoal. It is not the fruiting body of the fungus, but a sclerotium or mass of mycelium, mostly black because of a substantial amount of melanin...
consume grains contaminated with its fruiting structure (called ergot sclerotium). Claviceps includes about 50 known species, mostly in the tropical regions...
Sclerotium cinnamomi is a fungal plant pathogen in the family Typhulaceae. It can cause 2–5 mm crusty black sclerotia on decaying plant matter. "Sclerotium...
cepivora is a fungus in the division Ascomycota. It is the teleomorph of Sclerotium cepivorum, the cause of white rot in onions, garlic, and leeks. The infective...
has media related to Sclerotium delphinii. Stevens, F. L. (1931-05-01). "A Comparative Study of Sclerotium Rolfsii and Sclerotium Delphinii". Mycologia...
authorities. The ban on mushrooms did not outlaw the hallucinogenic species in sclerotium form, due to authorities believing it to be weaker than the mushrooms...
to early fall, the fungus will produce a survival structure called a sclerotium either on or inside the tissues of a host plant. S. sclerotiorum sclerotia...
slime molds make use of cAMP molecules for aggregation and signaling. Sclerotium is a compact mass of hardened mycelium. For many years, sclerotia were...
arise from a sclerotium. Microporus spores are cylindrical to allantoid (sausage-shaped). The genome of the species L. rhinocerus, the sclerotium of which...
genera specific. But generalist pathogens such as Agroathelia rolfsii (aka Sclerotium rolfsii or Athelia rolfsii) are known to attack over 200 different species...
development of a large, long-lasting underground sclerotium that resembles a small coconut. This sclerotium, known as Tuckahoe or fu-ling (Chinese: 茯苓; pinyin:...
money. Stem rot disease is caused by the fungus Agroathelia rolfsii (aka Sclerotium rolfsii or Athelia rolfsii), which is one of the most important pathogens...
proprietary mixtures are shown on the right pictures: Polyporus (Fu-Ling) Sclerotium Southern Tsangshu (Cang-Zhu) Rhizome Patchouly (Huo-Xiang) herb Fragrant...
G. frondosa grows from an underground tuber-like structure known as a sclerotium, about the size of a potato. The fruiting body, occurring as large as...
claviceps species-the sclerotium. The floret, containing both the sphacelium and sclerotium, will eventually produce the elongated sclerotium seen in Fig. 1...
is better known under the names Sclerotium rolfsii or Athelia rolfsii. Agroathelia coffeicola, also known as Sclerotium coffeicola, infects coffee leaves...
Euphorbiaceae), the plant that produces ricin. It is also found in the sclerotium of ergot (Claviceps purpurea Tul., Clavicipitaceae). About 90% of the...
organs for both survival and reproduction. Overwintering Plant pathology Sclerotium Turion (botany) King, Tim; Reiss, Michael (2001). Practical Advanced Biology...
Europe. Persoon had described a sclerotia-forming anamorph in 1801 as Sclerotium crocorum, moved by de Candolle in 1815 to his new genus Rhizoctonia. Subsequent...
at night significantly reduces the incidence of gray mold. Melanized sclerotium allows B. cinerea to survive for years in the soil. Sclerotia and the...
the family Ceratobasidiaceae. It is a plant pathogen, formerly known as Sclerotium hydrophilum, causing Globular Sclerotial Disease in rice. Xu Z, Harrington...
Rhizoctonia – a genus of fungi with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. Sclerotium rolfsii – a corticioid fungus in the family Atheliaceae. It is a facultative...
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