Equine influenza (horse flu) is the disease caused by strains of influenza A that are enzootic in horse species. Equine influenza occurs globally, previously caused by two main strains of virus: equine-1 (H7N7) and equine-2 (H3N8).[1] The World Organisation for Animal Health now considers H7N7 strains likely to be extinct since these strains have not been isolated for over 20 years.[2] Predominant international circulating H3N8 strains are Florida sublineage of the American lineage; clade 1 predominates in the Americas and clade 2 in Europe. (Elton and Cullinane, 2013;[3] Paillot, 2014;[2] Slater et al., 2013[4]). The disease has a nearly 100% infection rate in an unvaccinated horse population with no prior exposure to the virus.[5]
While equine influenza is historically not known to affect humans, impacts of past outbreaks have been devastating due to the economic reliance on horses for communication (postal service), military (cavalry), and general transportation. In modern times the ramifications of equine influenza are most clear in the horse-racing industry.
^"Equine Influenza". www.aaep.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2016-12-04.
^ abPaillot, Romain (2014). "A Systematic Review of Recent Advances in Equine Influenza Vaccination". Vaccines. 2 (4): 797–831. doi:10.3390/vaccines2040797. PMC 4494246. PMID 26344892.
^Elton, D.; Cullinane, A. (2013). "Equine influenza: Antigenic drift and implications for vaccines". Equine Veterinary Journal. 45 (6): 768–769. doi:10.1111/evj.12148. PMID 24117935.
^Slater, J.; Borchers, K.; Chambers, T.; Cullinane, A.; Duggan, V.; Elton, D.; Legrand, L.; Paillot, R.; Fortier, G. (2014). "Report of the International Equine Influenza Roundtable Expert Meeting at Le Touquet, Normandy, February 2013". Equine Veterinary Journal. 46 (6): 645–650. doi:10.1111/evj.12302. PMID 25146166.
^"About of Equine influenza | Definition of Equine influenza - Viral Infections Blog Articles". viralinfections.info. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-04.
Equineinfluenza (horse flu) is the disease caused by strains of influenza A that are enzootic in horse species. Equineinfluenza occurs globally, previously...
different influenza A dog flu viruses: one is an H3N8 virus and the other is an H3N2 virus. The H3N8 strain has evolved from an equineinfluenza avian virus...
species Influenza A virus that is endemic in birds, horses and dogs. It is the main cause of equineinfluenza and is also known as equineinfluenza virus...
development of a vaccine for poliomyelitis and the first intranasal equineinfluenza vaccine. Youngner survived many infections as a young child which left...
influenza (dog flu) is influenza occurring in canine animals. Canine influenza is caused by varieties of influenzavirus A, such as equineinfluenza virus...
Influenza, commonly known as "the flu" or just "flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. Symptoms range from mild to severe and often...
Eastern Creek Centennial Parklands An outbreak of equineinfluenza (EI) in Australia was confirmed by the Department of Primary Industries (New South Wales)...
Great Influenza epidemic or by the common misnomer Spanish flu, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus...
Influenza B virus is the only species in the genus Betainfluenzavirus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. Influenza B virus is only known to infect...
Influenza vaccines, colloquially known as flu shots, are vaccines that protect against infection by influenza viruses. New versions of the vaccines are...
(2008) registered and competing at various locations in Australia. The Equineinfluenza outbreak in Australia during 2007 and 2008 saw many horse events cancelled...
In virology, influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) is a subtype of influenza A virus. Major outbreaks of H1N1 strains in humans include the 1918 Spanish...
The 2009 swine flu pandemic, caused by the H1N1/swine flu/influenza virus and declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) from June 2009 to August...
000 birds. Medicine portal Epidemic Enzootic Epizoology Panzootic Equineinfluenza for the Great Epizootic of 1872 in the US and Canada 1890s African...
particular, spread diseases that are lethal to equines such as African horse sickness, equineinfluenza, equine infectious anemia and trypanosomiasis. In addition...
Treatments for influenza include a range of medications and therapies that are used in response to disease influenza. Treatments may either directly target...
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype of the influenza A virus, which causes influenza (flu), predominantly in birds. It is enzootic (maintained...
An influenza pandemic is an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads across a large region (either multiple continents or worldwide) and infects a...
deadliest pandemics in history, and was caused by an H3N2 strain of the influenza A virus. The virus was descended from H2N2 (which caused the Asian flu...
Swine influenza is an infection caused by any of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus...
Influenza A virus subtype H9N2 (A/H9N2) is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus (bird flu virus). Since 1998 a total of 86 cases of human infection...
H5 N2 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus). The subtype infects a wide variety of birds, including chickens...
remove one electron from one atom to another Equineinfluenza, the disease caused by strains of Influenza A that are enzootic in horse species Exponential...
Avian influenza, also known as avian flu or bird flu, is a disease caused by the influenza A virus (IAV) which primarily affects birds but can sometimes...
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (causative agent of pigeon fever), equineinfluenza virus, or equine herpes virus type 1, or without any apparent infection. The...
seeing this happen again in their lifetime." Due to the 2007 Australian equineinfluenza outbreak, believed to have been started by a horse brought into Australia...
Global Information