"Bird flu" redirects here. For the M.I.A. song, see Bird Flu.
For the H5N1 subtype of avian influenza, see Influenza A virus subtype H5N1.
Influenza (flu)
Types
Avian
A/H5N1 subtype
Canine
Equine
Swine
A/H1N1 subtype
Vaccines
2009 pandemic
Pandemrix
Live attenuated
Seasonal flu vaccine brands
Treatment
Amantadine
Baloxavir marboxil
Laninamivir
Oseltamivir
Peramivir
Rimantadine
Umifenovir
Zanamivir
Pandemics
1889-1890 Russian flu
1918 Spanish flu
1957-1958 Asian flu
1968 Hong Kong flu
1977 Russian flu
2009 swine flu
Outbreaks
1976 swine flu
2006 H5N1 India
2007 Australian equine
2007 Bernard Matthews H5N1
2008 West Bengal
2015 United States H5N2 outbreak
2020–2022 H5N8 outbreak
See also
Flu season
Influenza evolution
Influenza research
Influenza-like illness
Vaccine reformulations
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Avian influenza, also known as avian flu, is a bird flu caused by the influenza A virus, which can infect people.[note 1] It is similar to other types of animal flu in that it is caused by a virus strain that has adapted to a specific host. The type with the greatest risk is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).
Though influenza A is adapted to birds, it can also stably adapt and sustain person-to-person transmission.[1] Recent influenza research into the genes of the Spanish flu virus shows it to have genes adapted from both human and avian strains. Pigs can also be infected with human, avian, and swine influenza viruses, allowing for mixtures of genes (reassortment) to create a new virus, which can cause an antigenic shift to a new influenza A virus subtype which most people have little to no immune protection against.[1]
Avian influenza strains are divided into two types based on their pathogenicity: high pathogenicity (HP) or low pathogenicity (LP).[2] The most well-known HPAI strain, H5N1, was first isolated from a farmed goose in Guangdong Province, China in 1996, and also has low pathogenic strains found in North America.[2][3] Companion birds in captivity are unlikely to contract the virus and there has been no report of a companion bird with avian influenza since 2003. Pigeons can contract avian strains, but rarely become ill and are incapable of transmitting the virus efficiently to humans or other animals.[4]
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).
^ ab"Spread of Bird Flu Viruses between Animals and People". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2022-09-20.
^ ab"Avian Influenza Low Pathogenic H5N1 vs. Highly Pathogenic H5N1". United States Department of Agriculture. 23 July 2015
^"H5N1 avian influenza: Timeline of major events" (PDF). World Health Organization. 13 December 2011.
^Abolnik, Celia (June 2014). "A current review of avian influenza in pigeons and doves (Columbidae)" (PDF). Veterinary Microbiology. 170 (3–4): 181–196. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.042. hdl:2263/39832. ISSN 0378-1135. PMID 24667061.
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pathogenic avianinfluenza virus of type A of subtype H5N1, is the highly pathogenic causative agent of H5N1 flu, commonly known as avianinfluenza ("bird...
avianinfluenza pandemic. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus. Influenza A...
killed humans in Asia in the 1990s, a deadly avian strain of H5N1 posed a great risk for a new influenza pandemic; however, this virus did not mutate...
Influenza, commonly known as "the flu" or just "flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. Symptoms range from mild to severe and often...
Influenza A virus subtype H7N9 (A/H7N9) is a bird flu strain of the species Influenza virus A (avianinfluenza virus or bird flu virus). Avian influenza...
2004–2005. Other strains of H1N1 are endemic in pigs (swine influenza) and in birds (avianinfluenza). Its size is 80 to 120 nm (3.1×10−6 to 4.7×10−6 in) in...
Quaranjavirus. The first four genera contain viruses that cause influenza in birds (see also avianinfluenza) and mammals, including humans. Isaviruses infect salmon;...
spread avianinfluenza. One study has shown that adult pigeons are not clinically susceptible to the most dangerous strain of avianinfluenza, H5N1, and...
Organization estimate for the case-fatality rate for the outbreak of H5N1 avianinfluenza was approximately 60%. Public health officials in Ontario, Canada argue...
Tamiflu, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza A and influenza B, viruses that cause the flu. Many medical organizations recommend...
spread in 2008. The H5N1 strain is a fast-mutating, highly pathogenic avianinfluenza virus (HPAI) found in multiple bird species. It is both epizootic (an...
antibodies detectable with the modified assay, it was estimated that avianinfluenza A/H7N7 virus infection occurred in at least 1000, and perhaps as many...
factors that most reduced influenza survival times were elevated temperature and acidic or alkaline pH." According to AvianInfluenza by Timm C. Harder and...
Great Influenza epidemic or by the common misnomer Spanish flu, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus...
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hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the H9N2 influenza viruses could be divided into Eurasian avian and American avian lineages. The Eurasian avian lineage involved three distinct...
that adapted from its avianinfluenza origins. Vaccines have been developed for both strains. The two strains of Type A influenza virus found in canines...
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an influenza vaccine intended to provide immunization to influenza A virus subtype H5N1. Vaccines have been formulated against several of the avian H5N1...
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pandemic flu strains contained genes from avianinfluenza viruses. The new subtypes arose in pigs coinfected with avian and human viruses and were soon transferred...
of three different genes from an H2N2 virus that originated from an avianinfluenza A virus, including the H2 hemagglutinin and the N2 neuraminidase genes...
control in free range farming has been associated with outbreaks of Avianinfluenza. Instead of keeping them in cages, free-run laying hens roam freely...
They cause gastroenteritis in mammals, including humans but rarely. Influenza is caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae and affects birds...
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