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In epizoology, an epizootic (or epizoötic, from Greek: epi- "upon" + zoon "animal") is a disease event in a nonhuman animal population analogous to an epidemic in humans. An epizootic disease (or epizooty) may occur in a specific locale (an "outbreak"), more generally (an "epizootic"), or become widespread ("panzootic"). High population density is a major contributing factor to epizootics. The aquaculture industry is sometimes plagued by disease because of the large number of fish confined to a small area.
Defining and declaring an epizootic can be subjective; health authorities evaluate the number of new cases in a given animal population during a given period, and estimate a rate of spread that substantially exceeds what they might expect based on recent experience (i.e. a sharp elevation in the incidence rate). Because the judgement is based on what is "expected" or thought normal, a few cases of a very rare disease (like a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy outbreak in a cervid population) might be classified as an "epizootic", while many cases of a common disease (like lymphocystis in esocids) would not.
Common diseases that occur at a constant but relatively high rate in the population class as "enzootic" (compare the epidemiological meaning of "endemic" for human diseases). An example of an enzootic disease would be the influenza virus in some bird populations[1] or, at a lower incidence, the Type IVb strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in certain Atlantic fish populations.[2][3]
An example of an epizootic was the 1990 outbreak of Newcastle disease virus in double-crested cormorant colonies on the Great Lakes that resulted in the death of some 10,000 birds.[4][5]
Look up epizootic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In epizoology, an epizootic (or epizoötic, from Greek: epi- "upon" + zoon "animal") is a disease...
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a hemorrhagic disease of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) caused by an infection of a virus from the...
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, often abbreviated to EHDV, is a species of the genus Orbivirus, a member of the family Reoviridae. It is the causative...
In the 1890s, an epizootic of the rinderpest virus struck all across Africa, but primarily in Eastern and Southern Africa. It was considered to be "the...
epidemiology is the study of disease patterns within animal populations. Epizootic Epidemiology Shapiro-Ilan, David I.; Bruck, Denny J.; Lacey, Lawrence...
Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), also known as mycotic granulomatosis (MG) or red spot disease (RSD), is a disease caused by the water mould Aphanomyces...
Epizootic lymphangitis is a contagious lymphangitis disease of horses and mules caused by the fungus Histoplasma farciminosum. Cattle are also susceptible...
exact cause of death. An epizootic outbreak of equine influenza during 1872 in North America became known as "The Great Epizootic of 1872". The outbreak...
promoting animal disease control. The primary objective of WOAH is to control epizootic diseases and prevent their spread. Further objectives include the sharing...
Epizootic Shell Disease (ESD) is an infection of the outer shell layer of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) by chitinolytic bacteria. Infection...
2015, uncommonly large numbers of saigas began to die from a mysterious epizootic illness suspected to be pasteurellosis. Herd fatality is 100% once infected...
adverse environmental conditions may have triggered the epizootic. The similarities between this epizootic and other seal mortalities in the past suggest that...
causes red spot disease, or epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), in many species of fish. "Reducing fish losses due to Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome". 1998...
Pasteur sent his assistant Louis Thuillier to southern France because of an epizootic of swine erysipelas. Thuillier identified the bacillus that caused the...
Kingdom in 2001 caused a crisis in British agriculture and tourism. This epizootic saw 2,000 cases of the disease in farms across most of the British countryside...
disease, similar to scrapie in sheep and goats, caused by a prion. A major epizootic affected the UK, and to a lesser extent a number of other countries, between...
50% of their body weight and may gnaw at infected extremities. In the epizootic phase of the disease, it usually takes red foxes four months to die after...
hanged man. Rabies appears to have originated in the Old World, the first epizootic in the New World occurring in Boston in 1768. Rabies was considered a...
A panzootic (from Greek παν pan all + ζόιον zoion animal) is an epizootic (an outbreak of an infectious disease of animals) that spreads across a large...
Its once vast distribution alone has been greatly affected by drought, epizootic disease and intrusion of invasive mammals into its habitat. The common...
in Asia, later spreading through the transport of cattle. Other cattle epizootics are noted in ancient times: a cattle plague is thought to be one of the...
JSTOR 2426311. Hiestand, S.J.; Nielsen, C.K.; Jiménez, F.A. (2014). "Epizootic and zoonotic helminths of the bobcat (Lynx rufus) in Illinois and a comparison...
caviae is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from epizootic guinea pigs. LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de "Straininfo of Aeromonas caviae". Archived...
specific areas. At unpredictable times, it becomes epizootic in unexpected places. It is during these epizootic outbreaks that transmission to humans is most...
observed to lay eggs directly on heavily infested turtles in the event of an epizootic. Ozobranchus branchiatus are historically known to only host on green...
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