Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, often abbreviated to EHDV, is a species of the genus Orbivirus, a member of the family Reoviridae. It is the causative agent of epizootic hemorrhagic disease, an acute, infectious, and often fatal disease of wild ruminants. In North America, the most severely affected ruminant is the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), although it may also infect mule deer, black-tailed deer, elk, bighorn sheep, and pronghorn antelope.[1] It is often mistakenly referred to as “bluetongue virus” (BTV), another Orbivirus that like EHDV causes the host to develop a characteristic blue tongue due to systemic hemorrhaging and lack of oxygen in the blood.[2] Despite showing clinical similarities, these two viruses are genetically distinct.
Worldwide, eight serotypes of EHDV have been identified.[3] Historically, only serotypes EHDV-1 and EHDV-2 have been found in North America, but recent research has discovered at least one more in the Midwest and Southern United States.[4] EHDV can only be spread by an insect vector. In North America, the common vector is the biting midge (Culicoides variipennis). The first identified outbreak of EHDV in the United States in 1955 caused several hundred white-tailed deer to die in New Jersey and Michigan.[2] Cases of EHDV-like die-offs have been reported prior to 1955 (as far back as 1890), but EHDV was not identified in these cases, as its existence was not yet known.
^Sleeman, Jonathan; Fischer, John (7 September 2012). "Hemorrhagic disease in wild ruminants" (PDF). USGS National Wildlife Health Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-09. Retrieved 2017-02-19.
^ abCite error: The named reference DNR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Wilson, WC; O'Hearn, ES; Tellgren-Roth, C; Stallknecht, DE; Mead, DG; Mecham, JO (March 2009). "Detection of all eight serotypes of Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 21 (2): 220–5. doi:10.1177/104063870902100207. PMID 19286501.
^Allison, AB; Goekjian, VH; Potgieter, AC; Wilson, WC; Johnson, DJ; Mertens, PP; Stallknecht, DE (February 2010). "Detection of a novel reassortant epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in the USA containing RNA segments derived from both exotic (EHDV-6) and endemic (EHDV-2) serotypes". The Journal of General Virology. 91 (2): 430–9. doi:10.1099/vir.0.015651-0. PMID 19828758.
and 29 Related for: Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus information
called Epizootichemorrhagicdiseasevirus (EHDV). It is an infectious, and sometimes fatal, virus that is characterized by extensive hemorrhages, and is...
Epizootichemorrhagicdiseasevirus, often abbreviated to EHDV, is a species of the genus Orbivirus, a member of the family Reoviridae. It is the causative...
The disease is caused by strains of rabbit hemorrhagicdiseasevirus (RHDV), a lagovirus in the family Caliciviridae. Rabbit hemorrhagicdiseasevirus (RHDV)...
viral hemorrhagic septicemia in certain Atlantic fish populations. An example of an epizootic was the 1990 outbreak of Newcastle diseasevirus in double-crested...
Reston virus (RESTV) is one of six known viruses within the genus Ebolavirus. Reston virus causes Ebola virusdisease in non-human primates; unlike the...
epidemic. Epizootichemorrhagicdiseasevirus is closely related and crossreacts with Bluetongue virus on many blood tests. "Q&A: Bluetongue disease". BBC...
Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to South-western part of India. The disease is caused by a virus belonging to...
transmission cycle. These forms of the virus can cause human illness but generally do not affect equine health. Epizootic subtypes, on the other hand, can spread...
important orbiviruses are Bluetongue virus, African horse sickness virus, and Epizootichemorrhagicdiseasevirus, all of which are transmitted by Culicoides...
Filoviruses are filament-like viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fever, and include ebolaviruses and marburgviruses. Marburg virus, first discovered in 1967...
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is a deadly infectious fish disease caused by Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus. It afflicts over 50 species of freshwater...
viral pathogenicity. Yellow fever belongs to the group of hemorrhagic fevers. The viruses infect, amongst others, monocytes, macrophages, Schwann cells...
Tilapia and koi herpes virus in koi. Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease. Velvet disease Parasites in fish are...
et al. (June 2006). "Fatal hemorrhagic fever caused by West Nile virus in the United States". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 42 (11): 1527–35. doi:10.1086/503841...
al., 2000 to trace descendants of the 1997-1998 EU epizootic. Virus isolation – isolation of virus in cell culture. Histology of the brain shows vasculoendothelial...
C virus. Epizootics are outbreaks (epidemics) of disease among non-human animals. During the 20th century significant epizootics of viral diseases in...
African diseases, Ebola virusdisease and Marburg virusdisease, Preston described a 1989 incident in which a relative of Ebola virus, Reston virus, was...
livestock infected with RVF abort virtually 100% of foetuses. An epizootic (animal disease epidemic) of RVF is usually first indicated by a wave of unexplained...
The first major epizootic in North America was reported in 1768, continuing until 1771 when foxes and dogs carried the disease to swine and domestic...
become infected with viruses. The fish develop pale gills, and may swim close to the water surface, gulping for air. However, the disease can also develop...
80–100% mortality rate in acute cases in an epizootic setting. The virus does not infect humans. The disease was first described in 1942 in Côte d'Ivoire...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in eastern Iran. Int J Infect Dis, 2013. 17(7): pp. e524-e528. Bokaie, S. et al., Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic fever in northeast...
various diseases in ruminants and horses, including Bluetongue virus, African horse sickness virus, Equine encephalosis virus, and epizootichemorrhagic disease...
States, in 1831, when 75 horses died mysteriously of viral encephalitis. Epizootics in horses have continued to occur regularly in the United States. It can...