Elemental chlorine free (ECF) is a technique that uses chlorine dioxide for the bleaching of wood pulp. It does not use elemental chlorine gas during the bleaching process and prevents the formation of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, carcinogens. The traditional ECF sequence is DEopDEpD[1]: 14 using the common letter symbols for bleaching stages,[2] though many improved sequences are available.[1]: 15
Totally chlorine free (TCF) is paper that does not use any chlorine compounds for wood pulp bleaching.
^ abDifferent Bleaching Configurations(PDF), National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, 2009
^"PaperOnWeb description of bleaching sequences". Retrieved 2007-09-17.
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Elementalchlorinefree (ECF) is a technique that uses chlorine dioxide for the bleaching of wood pulp. It does not use elementalchlorine gas during the...
1930s by chlorine. Concerns about the release of organochlorine compounds into the environment prompted the development of elementalchlorinefree (ECF)...
qualities. Chlorine dioxide is sometimes used for bleaching of wood pulp in combination with chlorine, but it is used alone in ECF (elementalchlorine-free) bleaching...
disinfectant, elementalchlorine and chlorine-generating compounds are used more directly in swimming pools to keep them sanitary. Elementalchlorine at high...
plantation is 6% of the total. The main uses of the wood produced are elementalchlorinefree pulp mill production (for cellulose and paper), sawlogs, plywood...
theileriosis, a disease of cattle in Africa Electrochemical fluorination Elementalchlorinefree, a form of paper bleaching Enterocutaneous fistula Evolving classification...
The paper produced by TNPL is subjected to elementalchlorine-free (ECF) bleaching. The paper is acid-free. TNPL manufactures papers in substances ranging...
switching from dioxin-producing chlorine gas bleaching methods to either elemental "chlorine-free" or "totally chlorinefree" bleaching processes. In the...
predominant methods of bleaching: Elementalchlorine bleaching uses chlorine and hypochlorite. Elementalchlorine-free bleaching is more environmentally...
chlorine bleach has the same bleaching power as one gram of elementalchlorine. The most common chlorine-based bleaches are: Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), usually...
1630, chlorine gas was obtained by the Belgian chemist and physician Jan Baptist van Helmont. The synthesis and characterization of elementalchlorine occurred...
and elementalchlorine (Cl2): 2 NOCl → 2 NO + Cl2 This dissociation is equilibrium-limited. Therefore, in addition to nitrosyl chloride and chlorine, the...
dependent. At pH below 2, the majority of the chlorine in the solution is in the form of dissolved elemental Cl2. At pH greater than 7.4, the majority is...
fluorinations with elemental fluorine. Commonly, fluorination reagents are employed instead of F2. Such reagents include cobalt trifluoride, chlorine trifluoride...
the characteristics and treatment of TCF (totally chlorine-free) and ECF (elementallychlorine-free) kraft pulping effluents". Water Science and Technology...
the permits. The proposed mill is to use the Kraft process, with ElementalChlorineFree bleaching, and it is claimed it is to be fed with 100 per cent...
hand, a chlorine atom, Cl, has 7 electrons in its valence shell, which is one short of the stable, filled shell with 8 electrons. Thus, a chlorine atom tends...
halogens—chlorine, bromine, and iodine—are often used as disinfectants. Organobromides are the most important class of flame retardants, while elemental halogens...
Launceston. The proposed mill would have used the Kraft process, ElementalChlorineFree (ECF) bleaching, and been fed with plantation eucalypt forest timber...
as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium. Chlorine dioxide is a faster-acting disinfectant than elementalchlorine. It is relatively rarely used because in...
6 OH- -> 5 Cl- + ClO3- + 3 H2O}}} The chlorine reactant is in oxidation state 0. In the products, the chlorine in the Cl− ion has an oxidation number...
the mills were to use a technology known as ElementalChlorine-Free (or ECF) bleaching (employing chlorine dioxide), which has been adopted by both the...
process Bleaching of wood pulp Calender Conical refiner Deinking Elementalchlorinefree Environmental impact of paper Handmade paper Hollander beater Kraft...
responsible for the distinctive "chlorine" smell of swimming pools, which is often misattributed to elementalchlorine by the public. Some pool test kits...
referring to its sharp and pungent smell. Elemental bromine is very reactive and thus does not occur as a free element in nature. Instead, it can be isolated...
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