Education in Ethiopia was dominated by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church for many centuries until secular education was adopted in the early 1900s. Prior to 1974, Ethiopia had an estimated literacy rate below 50% and compared poorly with the rest of even Africa in the provision of schools and universities. After the Ethiopian Revolution, emphasis was placed on increasing literacy in rural areas. Practical subjects were stressed, as was the teaching of socialism. By 2015, the literacy rate had increased to 49.1%, still poor compared to most of the rest of Africa.[1]
Recently, there has been massive expansion throughout the educational system. Access to primary schools is limited to urban locations, where they are mostly private-sector or faith-based organizations.
Formal education consists of in total 12 grades. Primary school education consists of two cycles: grades 1 to 4 and 5 to 8. Secondary schools also have two cycles: grades 9 to 10 and 11 to 12. Primary schools have over 90% of 7-year-olds enrolled although only about half complete both cycles. This situation varies from one region to the other, being lower in agro-pastoral locations (such as Somali and Afar regions) and the growing regions such as Gambela and Benshangul Gumuz.
A much smaller proportion of children attend secondary school and even fewer attend its second cycle. School attendance is lowest in rural areas due to lack of provision and the presence of alternative occupations. In later grades the secondary curriculum covers more subjects at a higher level than curricula in most other countries. Low pay and undervaluation of teachers contributes to poor quality teaching, exacerbated by large class sizes and poor resources—resulting in poor performance in national assessments. There is also evidence of corruption including forgery of certificates.
Many primary schools have introduced mother-tongue teaching but face difficulties where small minority languages are concerned. Girls' access to education has been improved but early marriage decreases their attendance. Girls' educational attainment is adversely affected by gender stereotypes, violence, lack of sanitary facilities and the consequences of sexual activity.
Jimma University is addressing some problems women experience in higher education. Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutes have introduced competence-based assessments although many lack adequate resources. Teacher training has been up-graded. All higher education has been expanding in enrollment but without comparable expansion in staffing and resources. There have been difficulties in introducing business process re-engineering (BPR) with poorly paid university staff supplementing their incomes where possible. Universities need to match training to market demands. All colleges and universities suffer from the same disadvantages as schools. Library facilities are poor, classes are large and there is lack of equipment.
The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI)[2] finds that Ethiopia is fulfilling only 67.1% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to education based on the country's level of income.[3] HRMI breaks down the right to education by looking at the rights to both primary education and secondary education. While taking into consideration Ethiopia's income level, the nation is achieving 85.8% of what should be possible based on its resources (income) for primary education but only 48.4% for secondary education.[3]
^"Education".
^"Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries". humanrightsmeasurement.org. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
^ ab"Ethiopia – HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
and 25 Related for: Education in Ethiopia information
EducationinEthiopia was dominated by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church for many centuries until secular education was adopted in the early 1900s. Prior to...
have been several studies concerning women inEthiopia. Historically, elite and powerful women inEthiopia have been visible as administrators and warriors...
Modern educationinEthiopia introduced by Emperor Menelik II, who first opened the government school named Menelik II School in 1908 with proclamation...
Higher educationinEthiopia is the lowest in quality of standard relevance and academic freedom, despite an expansion of private higher education and rising...
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares...
The languages of Ethiopia include the official languages of Ethiopia, its national and regional languages, and a large number of minority languages, as...
Women role in the education of Ethiopia remains progressive over time. Over the last 20 years, the national government made an effort to comfort equitable...
The Ethiopian General Secondary Education Certificate Examination (EGSECE) is a nationwide exam inEthiopia that is given to students after final year...
Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in Africa; the emergence of Ethiopian civilization dates back thousands of years. Abyssinia or rather "Ze Etiyopia"...
demographics of Ethiopia encompass the demographic features of inhabitants inEthiopia, including ethnicity, languages, population density, education level, health...
The Ethiopian traditional educational system traced back to Axumite period in 330 AD as Christianity first accepted in the region. The education was highly...
Italiana, AOI) was an Italian colony in the Horn of Africa. It was formed in 1936 after the Second Italo-Ethiopian War through the merger of Italian Somaliland...
akabibi). This system of administrative regions replaced the provinces of Ethiopiain 1992. As of August 2023, there are twelve regional states and two chartered...
Religion inEthiopia consists of a number of faiths. Among these mainly Abrahamic religions, the most numerous is Christianity (Ethiopian Orthodoxy, P'ent'ay...
School, Dimtu, Wolaita, Ethiopia SOS Hermann Gmeiner school Hawassa Africa portal Lists portal Schools portal EducationinEthiopia List of schools by country...
Although the Ethiopianeducation system historically was in a state of crisis for a long time, a major educational setback has been documented by numerous...
lit. 'new flower' [adˈdis ˈabəba] ) is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. In the 2007 census, the city's population was estimated to be 2,739,551...
The economy of Ethiopia is a mixed and transition economy with a large public sector. The government of Ethiopia is in the process of privatizing many...
1892 – 27 August 1975) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (Enderase) for Empress Zewditu from...
Retrieved 20 February 2013. "List of Public Universities inEthiopia". Ministry of Education. Archived from the original on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 2...
The mass media inEthiopia consist of radio, television and the Internet, which remain under the control of the Ethiopian government, as well as private...
Aksum in 330, and has between 36 million and 51 million adherents inEthiopia. It is a founding member of the World Council of Churches. The Ethiopian Orthodox...
Ethiopian music is a term that can mean any music of Ethiopian origin, however, often it is applied to a genre, a distinct modal system that is pentatonic...
Education is the transmission of knowledge, skills, and character traits and manifests in various forms. Formal education occurs within a structured institutional...
Academic job market inEthiopia is under development in every higher education institution. The government of Ethiopia is improving the quality of employment...