Global Information
Addis Ababa
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Capital and chartered city | |
From top, left to right: Night view of Meskel Square; Monument to the Lion of Judah; St. George's Cathedral; Addis Ababa University; Sheraton Addis; Sheger Park; Addis Ababa Light Rail Vehicle and Holy Trinity Cathedral | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nicknames: City of Humans, Sheger, Adu Genet | |
  Addis Ababa Location within Ethiopia  Addis Ababa Location within the Horn of Africa  Addis Ababa Location within Africa | |
| Coordinates: 9°1′48″N 38°44′24″E / 9.03000°N 38.74000°ECoordinates: 9°1′48″N 38°44′24″E / 9.03000°N 38.74000°E | |
| Country |  Ethiopia |
| Founded | 1886 |
| Incorporated as capital city | 1889 |
| Founded by |
|
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Adanech Abebe |
| Area | |
| • Total | 527 km2 (203 sq mi) |
| • Land | 527 km2 (203 sq mi) |
| [1] | |
| Elevation | 2,355 m (7,726 ft) |
| Population (2007)[2] | |
| • Total | 2,739,551 |
| • Estimate (2021)[3] | 3,774,000 |
| • Density | 5,165.1/km2 (13,378/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Addis Ababan |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (East Africa Time) |
| Area code | (+251) 11 |
| HDI (2019) | 0.722[4] High · 1st of 11 |
Addis Ababa (/ˌædɪs ˈæbəbə/;[5] Amharic: አዲስ አበባ, lit. 'new flower' [adˈdis ˈabəba] (
listen)), also known as Finfinne[6] (lit. "natural spring" in Oromo),[7] is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It also serves as the seat of the government of Oromia: while being outside of Oromia regional state boundaries.[8][9][10] In the 2007 census, the city's population was estimated to be 2,739,551 inhabitants.[2] Addis Ababa is a highly developed and important cultural, artistic, financial and administrative centre of Ethiopia.[11]
In the 15th century, Addis Ababa was depicted as a fortified place named "Barara" and served as a residence of the Emperors of Ethiopia until Dawit II. Barara was completely destroyed during the Ethiopian–Adal War and Oromo expansions. The founding history of Addis Ababa dates back in late 19th-century by Menelik II, Negus of Shewa, in 1886 after finding Mount Entoto unpleasant two years prior.[12] At the time, the city was a resort town; its large mineral spring abundance attracted nobilities of the empire, led them to establish permanent settlement. It also attracted many members of the working classes — including artisans and merchants — and foreign visitors. Menelik II then formed his imperial palace in 1887.[13][14] Addis Ababa became the empire's capital in 1889, and subsequently international embassies were opened.[15][16] Addis Ababa urban development began at the beginning of the 20th century, and without any preplanning.[12]
Addis Ababa saw a wide-scale economic boom in 1926 and 1927, and an increase in the number of buildings owned by the middle class, including stone houses filled with imported European furniture. The middle class also imported newly manufactured automobiles and expanded banking institutions.[15] During the Italian occupation, urbanization and modernization steadily increased by a master plan which they hoped Addis Ababa would be more colonial city and continued after their occupation. Consequent master plans were designed by French and British consultants from 1940s onwards focusing on monumental structures, satellite cities and inner-city. Similarly, the Italo-Ethiopian master plan also projected in 1986 concerning only urban structure and accommodating service, which was later adapted by the 2003 master plan.
Addis Ababa remains federal chartered city in accordance with the Addis Ababa City Government Charter Proclamation No. 87/1997 in the FDRE Constitution.[17] Referred to as "the political capital of Africa" due to its historical, diplomatic, and political significance for the continent, Addis Ababa serves as the headquarters of major international organizations such as the African Union and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA).[18]
The city lies a few kilometres west of the East African Rift, which splits Ethiopia into two, between the Nubian Plate and the Somali Plate.[19] The city is surrounded by the Special Zone of Oromia and is populated by people from the different regions of Ethiopia. It is home to Addis Ababa University. The city has a high human development index and is known for its vibrant culture, strong fashion scene, high involvement of young people, thriving arts scene, and for having the fastest economic growth of any country in the world.[20]
- ^ "2011 National Statistics". Csa.gov.et. Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Ethiopia2007Censuswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Population Projection Towns as of July 2021" (PDF). Ethiopian Statistics Agency. 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ^ "ADDIS ABABA English Definition and Meaning". Lexico.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ spelled Finfine in official web site of Oromia Supreme Court (http://www.oromiyaa.gov.et/web/supreme-court Archived 15 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ Also spelled Finfine (on the website of the Oromia Supreme Court Archived 15 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine), Finfinnee, and originally Finfinnie.
- ^ ETHIOPIA IN BRIEF, n.d.
- ^ "Oromia Regional State". Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^ "| Human Development Reports". hdr.undp.org. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ "Addis Ababa | national capital, Ethiopia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
:2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Ethiopia's Imperial Palace opened to the public after more than a century". This is africa. 30 October 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- ^ "Ethiopia opens doors to its Imperial Palace for the first time". Embassy of Ethiopia, London. 16 October 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
- ^ a b Anacker, Caelen (16 March 2010). "Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (1886– ) •". Retrieved 5 January 2022.
- ^ Benti, Getahun (2000). "A History of Addis Ababa from Its Foundation in 1886 to 1910 (review)". Northeast African Studies. 7 (2): 143–145. doi:10.1353/nas.2004.0013. ISSN 1535-6574. S2CID 144623037.
- ^ FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA. 2003. p. 1.
- ^ "United Nations Economic Commission for Africa". UNECA. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
- ^ Gizaw, Berhanu. "The origin of high bicarbonate and fluoride concentrations in waters of the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley, East African Rift system." Journal of African Earth Sciences 22.4 (1996): 391–402.
- ^ James Jeffrey. "Addis Ababa: 10 best things to do in Ethiopia's capital". CNN. Retrieved 9 November 2021.