Italian colony in the Horn of Africa from 1936 to 1941
Italian East Africa
Africa Orientale Italiana(Italian) Xaaliyaanii Baha Afrikaa(Oromo) Talyaaniga Bariga Afrika(Somali) شرق أفريقيا الإيطالية(Arabic) Sharq 'afriqya al'iitalia የጣሊያን ምሥራቅ አፍሪካ(Amharic) Yet’alīyani miširak’i āfirīka ኢጣልያ ምብራቕ ኣፍሪቃ(Tigrinya)
1936–1941
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto: FERT (Motto for the House of Savoy)
Anthem:
Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza "Royal March of Ordinance"
Italian East Africa in 1941:
Italian East Africa
Conquered in 1940
Italian controlled territory
Kingdom of Italy
Status
Colony of Italy
Capital
Addis Ababa
Common languages
Italian (official), Arabic, Oromo, Amharic, Tigrinya, Somali, Tigre
Emperor
• 1936–1941
Victor Emmanuel III
Governor-General[a]
• 1936
Pietro Badoglio
• 1936–1937
Rodolfo Graziani
• 1937–1941
Amedeo di Aosta
• 1941 (acting)
Pietro Gazzera
• 1941 (acting)
Guglielmo Nasi
Historical era
Interwar period to World War II
• Italian Ethiopia proclaimed by Italy
9 May 1936
• Italian Ethiopia declared part of Italian East Africa
1 June 1936
• Second Italo-Ethiopian War ends
19 February 1937
• British Somaliland annexed
19 August 1940
• Allied occupation
27 November 1941
• Relinquished by Italy
10 February 1947
Area
1939[2]
1,725,000 km2 (666,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1939[2]
12,100,000
Currency
Italian East African lira
Preceded by
Succeeded by
1936: Italian Eritrea
Italian Somaliland
Ethiopian Empire
1937: Sultanate of Aussa
1940: British Somaliland
Military Administration in Eritrea
Military Administration in Somali
Military Administration in Ethiopia
Military Administration in Ogaden
British Somaliland
Today part of
Eritrea Somalia Ethiopia Somaliland
Italian East Africa (Italian: Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI)[3] was an Italian colony in the Horn of Africa. It was formed in 1936 after the Second Italo-Ethiopian War through the merger of Italian Somaliland, Italian Eritrea, and the newly occupied Ethiopian Empire.[4]
Italian East Africa was divided into six governorates. Eritrea and Somalia, Italian possessions since the 1880s, were enlarged with captured Ethiopian territory and became the Eritrea and Somalia Governorates. The remainder of "Italian Ethiopia" comprised the Harar, Galla-Sidamo, Amhara, and Scioa Governorates. Fascist colonial policy had a divide and conquer characteristic, and favoured the Oromos, the Somalis and other Muslims in an attempt to weaken their ties to the Amharas who had been the ruling ethnic group in the Ethiopian Empire.[5]: 281
During the Second World War, Italian East Africa was occupied by a British-led force including colonial units and Ethiopian guerrillas in November 1941.[6] After the war, Italian Somalia and Eritrea came under British administration, while Ethiopia regained its independence. In 1950, occupied Somalia became the United Nations Trust Territory of Somaliland, administered by Italy from 1950 until its independence in 1960. Occupied Eritrea became an autonomous part of Ethiopia in 1952, and was later annexed by the Ethiopian Empire in 1962.[7] It would remain annexed by Ethiopia until it gained independence as Eritrea.
^Page, Melvin E; Sonnenburg, Penny M (2006). Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural and Political Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 1054. ISBN 9781576077627. OCLC 690378095.
^Istat (December 2010). "I censimenti nell'Italia unita I censimenti nell'Italia unita Le fonti di stato della popolazione tra il XIX e il XXI secolo ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI STATISTICA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI DEMOGRAFIA STORICA Le fonti di stato della popolazione tra il XIX e il XXI secolo" (PDF). Annali di Statistica. XII. 2: 263. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
^Cite error: The named reference italian colonialism was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Italian East Africa". World Statesmen. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
^Barker, A. J. (1968). The Civilising Mission: The Italo-Ethiopian War 1935–6. London: Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-93201-6.
^Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, Thomas P. "Ethiopia in World War II". A Country Study: Ethiopia. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 29 October 2004. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
^Metaferia, Getachew (2001). "Review of Eritrea and Ethiopia: The Federal Experience". Journal of Third World Studies. 18 (2): 287–293. ISSN 8755-3449. JSTOR 45193981. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
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