These two illustrations are posterior views of all the possible locations of ectopic ureter insertion (red dots) in a female (left illustration) and a male (right illustration). The different colors indicate embryologic origin of structure: a) red = metanephric duct (ureter), b) yellow = urogenital sinus (bladder and urethra), c) blue = Wolffian duct (Gartner's ducts in female, seminal vesicles and vasa deferentia in male), pink = Müllerian ducts (vagina in female, prostatic utricle in male), green = hindgut (rectum).
Specialty
Urology
Ectopic ureter (or ureteral ectopia) is a medical condition where the ureter, rather than terminating at the urinary bladder, terminates at a different site.[1][2] In males this site is usually the urethra, in females this is usually the urethra or vagina.[3] It can be associated with renal dysplasia,[4] frequent urinary tract infections, and urinary incontinence (usually continuous drip incontinence).[5] Ectopic ureters are found in 1 of every 2000–4000 patients,[6] and can be difficult to diagnose, but are most often seen on CT scans.[7]
Ectopic ureter is commonly a result of a duplicated renal collecting system, a duplex kidney with 2 ureters. In this case, usually one ureter drains correctly to the bladder, with the duplicated ureter presenting as ectopic.[8]
The embryology that explains the pathology of an ectopic ureter is a cephalad origin of the ureteral bud on the mesonephric duct. With an abnormally long common excretory duct, the ureter never becomes incorporated into the bladder, and, therefore, remains ectopic. In the female, the most common locations of an ectopic ureter are the bladder neck, urethra, or Gartner's duct which lies between the urethra and the anterior vaginal wall.[9]
^"Definition: ectopic ureter from Online Medical Dictionary". Retrieved 2007-12-01.
^"An Ectopic Ureter". Retrieved 2007-12-01.
^"UrologyHealth.org - Pediatric Conditions: Abnormalities - Ectopic Ureter". Archived from the original on 2008-11-14. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
^Gordon M, Cervellione RM, Hennayake S (2007). "Constant urinary dribbling due to an ectopic ureter and delays in diagnosis". Clin Pediatr (Phila). 46 (6): 544–6. doi:10.1177/0009922807299311. PMID 17579108. S2CID 21573692.
^"Duplicated Ectopic Ureter" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-02-10.[permanent dead link]
^"Diagnosis Of Ectopic Ureter As A Cause Of Urinary Incontinence". Retrieved 2009-02-10.
Ectopicureter (or ureteral ectopia) is a medical condition where the ureter, rather than terminating at the urinary bladder, terminates at a different...
The ureters are tubes composed of smooth muscle that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In an adult human, the ureters typically...
present as a palpable abdominal mass in the newborn, and may suggest an ectopicureter or ureterocele. In older children, ureteral duplication may present...
retrieval or destruction of urinary bladder stones and diagnosis of ectopicureters. In turtle and tortoises, cystoscopy has additional value as it permits...
cause incontinence, usually diagnosed in childhood (for example, an ectopicureter). Fistulas caused by obstetric and gynecologic trauma or injury are...
incompetence of the urethral sphincter in adult dogs and ectopicureter (a congenital condition in which the ureter enters the urinary tract posterior to the urethral...
the management of retrocaval ureter. Robotic partial nephroureterectomy for a duplicated collecting system and ectopicureter. Robotic partial nephrectomy:...
ureterocele is a congenital abnormality found in the ureter. In this condition the distal ureter balloons at its opening into the bladder, forming a sac-like...
ureteric colic, is a type of abdominal pain commonly caused by obstruction of ureter from dislodged kidney stones. The most frequent site of obstruction is the...
descending colon and sigmoid colon the left ovary and fallopian tube the left ureter The left upper quadrant (LUQ) extends from the median plane to the left...
Rose, Judith., Strauss, Lotte., Gribetz, Micheal. “Single Vaginal EctopicUreter and the Vater Syndrome.” The Journal of Urology. vol. 127, no. 6, 1982...
pelvis, ureters, or both. Also called hydronephrosis. Kidneys and ureters located in incorrect position, including horseshoe kidney and ectopicureters. Overflow...
hysterectomy. The injury usually occurs in the distal ureter close to the infundibulopelvic ligament or as a ureter crosses below the uterine artery, often from...
pelvic cysts, chocolate cysts of ovaries, ruptured cysts, and bowel and ureter obstruction resulting from pelvic adhesions. Endometriosis-associated infertility...
can compress the ureter. In children, hydronephrosis can be caused by ureteropelvic junction obstruction, ectopic inserted ureter, primary megaureter...
to the formation of an ectopic floor plate within the neural tube. SHH and BMP gradients in the vertebrate neural tube Ectopic floor plate formation Ventral...
two kidneys are fused together, yet retain their own vessels and ureters. The ureter of the lower kidney crosses the midline to enter the bladder on the...
lower rate of complications. Recurrent formation of the fistula Injury to ureter, bowel, or intestines Vaginal shortening Before the 19th century, women...
the 1930s. Hope reported in 1937 on the use of laparoscopy to diagnose ectopic pregnancy. In 1944, Raoul Palmer placed his patients in the Trendelenburg...
canal as a result of childbirth. This can be between the vagina and rectum, ureter, or bladder. It can result in incontinence of urine or feces. Complications...
pregnant woman may experience an increase in the size of the kidneys and ureter due to the increase blood volume and vasculature. Later in pregnancy, the...
shoulder Kelly's sign Howard Atwood Kelly surgery, urology visible response of ureter when touched (means of identifying same) Kerley lines Peter Kerley radiology...
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