Combined birth control pills, exercise, avoiding alcohol and caffeine[2]
Treatment
NSAIDs, continuous birth control pills, intrauterine device with progestogen, surgery[2]
Frequency
10–15% of all women of reproductive age[4]
Deaths
≈100 (0.0 to 0.1 per 100,000, 2015)[5][6]
Endometriosis is a disease of the female reproductive system. It occurs in women and a limited number of female mammals. In endometriosis, cells like those in the endometrium, the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grow outside the uterus.[7][8] Lesions can be found on ovaries, fallopian tubes, tissue around the uterus and ovaries (peritoneum), intestines, bladder, and diaphragm; and may also occur in other parts of the body.[2] Symptoms include pelvic pain, heavy and painful periods, pain with bowel movements, painful urination, pain during sexual intercourse and infertility.[1][9] Nearly half of those affected have chronic pelvic pain, while 70% feel pain during menstruation.[1] Up to half of affected individuals are infertile.[1] About 25% of individuals have no symptoms and 85% of those seen with infertility in a tertiary center have no pain.[1][10] Endometriosis can have both social and psychological effects.[11]
Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and medical imaging;[2] but biopsy is the surest method of diagnosis.[2] Other causes of similar symptoms include pelvic inflammatory disease, irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis, and fibromyalgia.[1] Endometriosis is often misdiagnosed and many patients report being incorrectly told their symptoms are trivial or normal.[11] Patients with endometriosis see an average of seven physicians before receiving a correct diagnosis, with an average delay of 6.7 years between the onset of symptoms and surgically obtained biopsies, the gold standard for diagnosing the condition. This places endometriosis at the extreme end of diagnostic inefficiency.[12]
Nearly 11 million women are affected by endometriosis, globally.[5] Other sources estimate 6 to 10% of the general female population might have endometriosis.[1] Ethnic differences have been observed in endometriosis, as Southeast Asian and East Asian women are significantly more likely than White women to be diagnosed with endometriosis.[13][14]
The main cause of endometriosis is exposure to elevated levels of the female sex hormone estrogen, as well as estrogen receptor sensitivity.[15] Estrogen exposure worsens the inflammatory symptoms of endometriosis by stimulating an immune response.[16][17]
There is no cure for endometriosis, but a number of treatments may improve symptoms.[1] This may include pain medication, hormonal treatments or surgery.[2] The recommended pain medication is usually a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), such as naproxen.[2] Taking the active component of the birth control pill continuously or using an intrauterine device with progestogen may also be useful.[2] Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) may improve the ability of those who are infertile to get pregnant.[2] Surgical removal of endometriosis may be used to treat those whose symptoms are not manageable with other treatments.[2]
^ abcdefghijkBulletti C, Coccia ME, Battistoni S, Borini A (August 2010). "Endometriosis and infertility". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 27 (8): 441–7. doi:10.1007/s10815-010-9436-1. PMC 2941592. PMID 20574791.
^ abcdefghijklm"Endometriosis". Office on Women's Health. 13 February 2017. Archived from the original on 13 May 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
^McGrath PJ, Stevens BJ, Walker SM, Zempsky WT (2013). Oxford Textbook of Paediatric Pain. OUP Oxford. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-19-964265-6. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
^ abCite error: The named reference GBD2015Pre was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
^"Endometriosis: Overview". nichd.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
^"Endometriosis: Condition Information". nichd.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
^"Endometriosis Is More Than Just 'Painful Periods'". Yale Medicine. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^Koninckx PR, Meuleman C, Demeyere S, Lesaffre E, Cornillie FJ (April 1991). "Suggestive evidence that pelvic endometriosis is a progressive disease, whereas deeply infiltrating endometriosis is associated with pelvic pain". Fertility and Sterility. 55 (4): 759–65. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54244-7. PMID 2010001. S2CID 29998004.
^ abCulley L, Law C, Hudson N, Denny E, Mitchell H, Baumgarten M, et al. (1 November 2013). "The social and psychological impact of endometriosis on women's lives: a critical narrative review". Human Reproduction Update. 19 (6): 625–39. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt027. hdl:2086/8845. PMID 23884896.
^Nnoaham KE, Hummelshoj L, Webster P, d'Hooghe T, de Cicco Nardone F, de Cicco Nardone C, et al. (August 2011). "Impact of endometriosis on quality of life and work productivity: a multicenter study across ten countries". Fertility and Sterility. 96 (2): 366–373.e8. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.090. PMC 3679489. PMID 21718982.
^Cite error: The named reference zondervan32212520 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Velarde was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Chantalat E, Valera MC, Vaysse C, Noirrit E, Rusidze M, Weyl A, et al. (17 April 2020). "Estrogen Receptors and Endometriosis". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21 (8). MDPI AG: 2815. doi:10.3390/ijms21082815. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 7215544. PMID 32316608. These mechanisms might act in unison to cause endometriosis, but the main trophic factor in endometriosis is estrogen and estrogen exposure plays a crucial role in the development of the disease via estrogen receptors (ERs) [1].
^Cite error: The named reference Lino was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Clinical practice. Endometriosis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Endometriosis is a disease of the female reproductive system. It occurs in women and a limited number of female mammals. In endometriosis, cells like...
Thoracic endometriosis is a rare form of endometriosis where endometrial-like tissue is found in the lung parenchyma and/or the pleura. It can be classified...
the most common form of endometriosis. Endometrioma is found in 17–44% patients with endometriosis. More broadly, endometriosis is the presence of tissue...
Endometriosis and its complications are a major cause of female infertility. Endometriosis is a dysfunction characterized by the migration of endometrial...
endometriosis; it differs in that patients with endometriosis present endometrial-like tissue located entirely outside the uterus. In endometriosis,...
cancer, sarcomas involving the lung Miscellaneous Catamenial pneumothorax (associated with the menstrual cycle and related to endometriosis in the chest)...
medication which is used in birth control pills and in the treatment of endometriosis. It is also used in menopausal hormone therapy and to treat heavy periods...
ovarian growths. oSCC tumors from endometriosis are rare. There are criteria to determine if oSCC comes from endometriosis. Individuals with this type of...
opens up about endometriosis: 'I just thought it was normal'". Today. Retrieved January 21, 2021. "Julianne Hough Won't Let Endometriosis Stop Her From...
Lakshmi was diagnosed with endometriosis, which she has had since early adolescence. Lakshmi is a co-founder of the Endometriosis Foundation of America, a...
surgery of endometriosis. Its New York City high school, public awareness programs educate school nurses, students, and teachers about endometriosis. EndoFound...
regions. There are two types of cutaneous endometriosis: primary and secondary. Primary cutaneous endometriosis is known to develop spontaneously, yet its...
issue of endometriosis stigma. The negative attitudes toward menstruation play a pivotal role in perpetuating the stigma surrounding endometriosis. While...
Endometriosis Society of India is a voluntary non-profit organisation that works to create awareness about endometriosis, training caregivers and service...
September 15, 2015. On April 13, 2018, Qerim announced that she has severe endometriosis. On July 20, 2018, Qerim married former NBA player and fellow ESPN host...
The Worldwide Endometriosis March (abbreviated EndoMarch, formerly Million Women March For Endometriosis) was the first global campaign involving synchronized...
Kalil was diagnosed with endometriosis, urethritis and ovarian cysts, and underwent surgery to remove the tissue from endometriosis and the scar tissue from...
women is endometriosis, which leads to intermittent hemoptysis coinciding with menstrual periods in 7% of women with thoracic endometriosis syndrome....
(GnRH analogues) in the treatment of endometriosis. Danazol is used primarily in the treatment of endometriosis. It has also been used – mostly off-label...
labelled the memes "glorious". Following her endometriosis diagnosis, Hustwaite became an ambassador for Endometriosis Australia on 15 August. During the early...
right lung, and is associated with thoracic endometriosis. A third to a half of patients have pelvic endometriosis as well. Despite this association, CP is...
be used to treat endometriosis by eliminating the menstrual cycle, which will reduce or eliminate the spread of existing endometriosis as well as reducing...
gynecologist, laparoscopic surgeon, and specialist in endometriosis. He founded the Endometriosis Foundation of America (EFA) with Padma Lakshmi in 2009...
2019 that they were expecting their first child after battling with endometriosis her entire life. On November 15, 2019, she gave birth to a son.[citation...
miscarriage a year later; these problems were most likely linked to her endometriosis. Monroe was also briefly hospitalized due to a barbiturate overdose...
Leakage of sterile body fluids into the peritoneum, such as blood (e.g., endometriosis, blunt abdominal trauma), gastric juice (e.g., peptic ulcer, gastric...
earthquake victims.[citation needed] He is also a supporter of the Endometriosis Foundation of America. Mandvi, Aasif (2014). No Land's Man. Chronicle...