Doner kebab (UK: /ˈdɒnərkɪˈbæb/, US: /ˈdoʊnərkɪˈbɑːb/; Turkish: döner or döner kebap, pronounced[dœˈnæɾkeˈbɑp]), also spelled as döner kebab, is a dish of Turkish origin made of meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie.[1] Seasoned meat stacked in the shape of an inverted cone is turned slowly on the rotisserie, next to a vertical cooking element. The operator uses a knife to slice thin shavings from the outer layer of the meat as it cooks. The vertical rotisserie was invented in the 19th-century Ottoman Empire, and dishes such as the Arab shawarma, Greek gyros, Canadian donair, and Mexican al pastor are derived from this.[2][3][4]
The modern sandwich variant of döner kebab originated and was popularized in 1970s West Berlin by Turkish immigrants.[5][6][7] This was recognized by the Berlin-based Association of Turkish Doner Manufacturers in Europe in 2011.[8]
The sliced meat of a doner kebab may be served on a plate with various accompaniments, stuffed into a pita or other type of bread as a sandwich, or wrapped in a thin flatbread such as lavash or filo, known as a dürüm (literally meaning roll or wrap in Turkish). Kadir Nurman in the early 1970s introduced the sandwich or wrap form, which has become popular around the world as a fast food dish sold by kebab shops, and is often called simply a "kebab".[9] The sandwich generally contains salad or vegetables, which may include tomato, lettuce, cabbage, onion with sumac, fresh or pickled cucumber, or chili, and various types of sauces.[10][11]
^Pawsey, Rosa K. (1 January 2002). Case Studies in Food Microbiology for Food Safety and Quality. Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 109–110. ISBN 9781847550330. Retrieved 15 August 2016 – via Google Books.
^Marks, Gil (17 November 2010). Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. HMH. ISBN 978-0-544-18631-6 – via Google Books.
^Prichep, Deena; Estrin, Daniel (7 May 2015). "Thank the Ottoman Empire for the taco al pastor". PRI. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
^Kremezi, Aglaia (2010). "What's in the Name of a Dish?". In Hosking, Richard (ed.). Food and Language: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cooking 2009. Vol. 28. Totnes: Prospect Books. pp. 203–204. ISBN 9781903018798. OCLC 624419365.
^"Döner-Streit erreicht Berlin: Wer hats erfunden?" (in German). berlin.de. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
^"Made in Berlin: The Best Doner Kebab on Earth". The Berlin Spectator. 30 June 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
^Cichanowicz, Lily (21 July 2016). "A Brief History Of The Döner Kebab". Culture Trip. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
^"Doner kebab 'inventor' Kadir Nurman dies in Berlin". BBC News. 26 October 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
^"Was The Doener Kebab Invented In Berlin? - Mythbusting Berlin". Berlinexperiences.com. 24 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
^"Travel Inspiration: Turkish Döner Kebab in Germany". Kitchn. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
^"Doner Kebab: A Gyros By Any Other Name | Sandwich Tribunal". www.sandwichtribunal.com. 24 November 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
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often refers to shish kebab, though outside of North America, kebab may also mean donerkebab. It is traditionally made of lamb but there are also versions...
A kebab shop is a quick service food establishment specialising in various fast food and street food dishes, primarily donerkebab and related sandwiches...
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cooks—first appeared in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century in the form of dönerkebab, which both the Greek gyros and the Levantine shawarma are derived from...
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food sandwich commonly known as the "kebab" (German: der Döner), consisting of traditional Turkish dönerkebab meat stuffed together with mixed salad...
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the Arab shawarma, Canadian donair, Mexican al pastor, and the Turkish dönerkebab. Grilling a vertical spit of stacked meat and slicing it off as it cooks...
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mint, rice and parsley, and popular dishes include kebabs, dolmas, falafel, baklava, yogurt, donerkebab, shawarma and mulukhiyah. The exact countries considered...
policewoman. Most of the victims were small business owners, including donerkebab vendors and greengrocers. They were murdered in daylight with gunshots...
The stonner kebab is a pork sausage wrapped in strips of doner meat, coated in two layers of batter, and then deep fried. It is served on a bed of chips...
continents. In some places the shawarma meat may be replaced with chicken, or donerkebab meat. The kapsalon has been described as "a typical example of contemporary...
Tas kebab (also tas kebap or tas kebabı) is a Turkish meat stew. It is also used in the Balkans, with a different cooking method. It may be made with...
original on February 9, 2012. Andrew Finkel (November 7, 2011). "There's a Kebab in My Tapestry!". The New York Times - Latitude. The International Herald...
Some dishes that are commonly cooked on a vertical rotisserie include: Dönerkebab from Turkey Gyros, from Greece Shawarma, from the Middle East and the...
centuries, it is unknown where it was done first.[unreliable source?] China portal Food portal Ice Peak (soft drink) Donerkebab Donkey burger Gua bao, a Chinese...
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