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Dinitrogen pentoxide information


Dinitrogen pentoxide
Full structural formula with dimensions
Ball-and-stick model
Names
IUPAC name
Dinitrogen pentoxide
Other names
Nitric anhydride
Nitronium nitrate
Nitryl nitrate
DNPO
Anhydrous nitric acid
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 10102-03-1 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:29802 checkY
ChemSpider
  • 59627 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.227 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 233-264-2
PubChem CID
  • 66242
UNII
  • 6XB659ZX2W ☒N
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID90143672 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/N2O5/c3-1(4)7-2(5)6 checkY
    Key: ZWWCURLKEXEFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/N2O5/c3-1(4)7-2(5)6
    Key: ZWWCURLKEXEFQT-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES
  • [O-][N+](=O)O[N+]([O-])=O
Properties
Chemical formula
N2O5
Molar mass 108.01 g/mol
Appearance white solid
Density 2.0 g/cm3[1]
Boiling point 33 °C (91 °F; 306 K) sublimes[1]
Solubility in water
reacts to give HNO3
Solubility soluble in chloroform
negligible in CCl4
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
−35.6×10−6 cm3 mol−1 (aq)
Dipole moment
1.39 D
Structure[2]
Crystal structure
Hexagonal, hP14
Space group
P63/mmc No. 194
Lattice constant
a = 0.54019 nm, c = 0.65268 nm
Formula units (Z)
2
Molecular shape
planar, C2v (approx. D2h)
N–O–N ≈ 180°
Thermochemistry[3]
Heat capacity (C)
143.1 J K−1 mol−1 (s)
95.3 J K−1 mol−1 (g)
Std molar
entropy (S298)
178.2 J K−1 mol−1 (s)
355.7 J K−1 mol−1 (g)
Std enthalpy of
formation fH298)
−43.1 kJ/mol (s)
+13.3 kJ/mol (g)
Gibbs free energy fG)
113.9 kJ/mol (s)
+117.1 kJ/mol (g)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
strong oxidizer, forms strong acid in contact with water
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazard W+OX: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner AND is oxidizer
4
0
2
W
OX
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Related nitrogen oxides
Nitrous oxide
Nitric oxide
Dinitrogen trioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide
Related compounds
Nitric acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Dinitrogen pentoxide (also known as nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride) is the chemical compound with the formula N2O5. It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that only contain nitrogen and oxygen. It exists as colourless crystals that sublime slightly above room temperature, yielding a colorless gas.[4]

Dinitrogen pentoxide is an unstable and potentially dangerous oxidizer that once was used as a reagent when dissolved in chloroform for nitrations but has largely been superseded by nitronium tetrafluoroborate (NO2BF4).

N2O5 is a rare example of a compound that adopts two structures depending on the conditions. The solid is a salt, nitronium nitrate, consisting of separate nitronium cations [NO2]+ and nitrate anions [NO3]; but in the gas phase and under some other conditions it is a covalently-bound molecule.[5]

  1. ^ a b Haynes, p. 4.76
  2. ^ Simon, Arndt; Horakh, Jörg; Obermeyer, Axel; Borrmann, Horst (1992). "Kristalline Stickstoffoxide — Struktur von N2O3 mit einer Anmerkung zur Struktur von N2O5". Angewandte Chemie (in German). 104 (3). Wiley: 325–327. Bibcode:1992AngCh.104..325S. doi:10.1002/ange.19921040321.
  3. ^ Haynes, p. 5.29
  4. ^ Connell, Peter Steele. (1979) The Photochemistry of Dinitrogen Pentoxide. Ph. D. thesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
  5. ^ Angus, W.R.; Jones, R.W.; Phillips, G.O. (1949). "Existence of Nitrosyl Ions (NO+) in Dinitrogen Tetroxide and of Nitronium Ions (NO2+) in Liquid Dinitrogen Pentoxide". Nature. 164 (4167): 433. Bibcode:1949Natur.164..433A. doi:10.1038/164433a0. PMID 18140439. S2CID 4136455.

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Dinitrogen pentoxide

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Dinitrogen pentoxide (also known as nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride) is the chemical compound with the formula N2O5. It is one of the binary nitrogen...

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Pentoxide

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Dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5 Iodine pentoxide, I2O5 Niobium pentoxide, Nb2O5 Phosphorus pentoxide, P4O10 Tantalum pentoxide, Ta2O5 Tungsten pentoxide,...

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Nitrogen

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NO (nitric oxide), N2O3 (dinitrogen trioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), N2O4 (dinitrogen tetroxide), N2O5 (dinitrogen pentoxide), N4O (nitrosylazide), and...

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Nitrogen oxide

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IV) oxide Dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4), nitrogen(IV) oxide dimer Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), nitrogen(V) oxide, or nitronium nitrate [NO2]+[NO3]− Nitrosyl...

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Dinitrogen oxide

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Dinitrogen dioxide, N2O2; Dinitrogen trioxide, N2O3; Dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, an unstable dimer of nitric oxide; Dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5. This set index...

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Dinitrogen tetroxide

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Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russia rocket engineers) as amyl, is the...

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Lindemann mechanism

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Lindemann mechanism involved study of the gas-phase decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide 2 N2O5 → 2 N2O4 + O2. This reaction was studied by Farrington Daniels...

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Dinitrogen trioxide

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Dinitrogen trioxide (also known as nitrous anhydride) is the inorganic compound with the formula N2O3. It is a nitrogen oxide. It forms upon mixing equal...

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NOx

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oxidation of NOx which include nitric acid, nitrous acid (HONO), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), alkyl nitrates (RONO2), peroxyalkyl...

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Nitrogen compounds

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NO (nitric oxide), N2O3 (dinitrogen trioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), N2O4 (dinitrogen tetroxide), N2O5 (dinitrogen pentoxide), N4O (nitrosylazide), and...

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Nitric acid

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production of anhydrous nitric acid and nitric acid solutions of dinitrogen pentoxide", published April 13, 1987, issued March 13, 2001, assigned to United...

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Nitrogen dioxide

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below 21.2 °C (70.2 °F; 294.3 K). It forms an equilibrium with its dimer, dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4), and converts almost entirely to N2O4 below −11.2 °C...

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Nitrous oxide

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Nitrous oxide (dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide), commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, nitro, or nos, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen...

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Acidic oxide

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which reacts with water forming chromic acid: CrO3 + H2O → H2CrO4 Dinitrogen pentoxide, which reacts with water forming nitric acid: N2O5 + H2O → 2 HNO3...

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Standard enthalpy of formation

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05 Nitric oxide Gas NO 90.29 Dinitrogen tetroxide Gas N2O4 9.16 Dinitrogen pentoxide Solid N2O5 −43.1 Dinitrogen pentoxide Gas N2O5 11.3 Nitric acid Aqueous...

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Nitronium ion

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[NO2]+[SbF6]−. These are all very hygroscopic compounds. The solid form of dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, actually consists of nitronium and nitrate ions, so it is...

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Sulfur trioxide

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adds to give fluorosulfuric acid: SO3 + HF → FSO3H SO3 reacts with dinitrogen pentoxide to give the nitronium salt of pyrosulfate: 2 SO3 + N2O5 → [NO2]2S2O7...

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Nitric oxide

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oxygen to nitrogen. Upon condensing to a liquid, nitric oxide dimerizes to dinitrogen dioxide, but the association is weak and reversible. The N–N distance...

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Nitramide

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{\displaystyle {\ce {Na(SO3NH2) + HNO3 -> O2NNH2 + NaHSO4}}} and reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide with two equivalents of ammonia. N 2 O 5 + 2 NH 3 ⟶ O 2 NNH 2 + NH...

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Acetyl nitrate

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in 1907 by Amé Pictet and E. Khotynsky from acetic anhydride and dinitrogen pentoxide, fuming nitric acid can also be used: (CH3CO)2O + HNO3 → CH3C(O)ONO2...

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Nitronium tetrafluoroborate

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and boron trifluoride to a nitromethane solution of nitric acid or dinitrogen pentoxide. Nitronium tetrafluoroborate is used as a nitration agent. Kenneth...

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Nitryl chloride

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conditions it is a gas. Nitryl chloride can be formed in the reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide with chlorides or hydrogen chloride: N2O5 + 2HCl → 2ClNO2 + H2O N2O5...

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Pyridine

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PMC 8621047. PMID 34834017. Bakke, Jan M.; Hegbom, Ingrid (1994). "Dinitrogen Pentoxide-Sulfur Dioxide, a New nitrate ion system". Acta Chemica Scandinavica...

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Nitratoauric acid

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nitrate (Au(NO3)3) was reported from the reaction of gold oxide and dinitrogen pentoxide, however, this was later proven to be nitronium tetranitratoaurate...

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Ozone

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{NO2 + O3 -> NO3 + O2}}} The NO3 formed can react with NO2 to form dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5). Solid nitronium perchlorate can be made from NO2, ClO2, and...

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Rhenium trioxynitrate

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ReO3Cl (produced by reacting rhenium trioxide and chlorine) and dinitrogen pentoxide: ReO3Cl + N2O5 → ReO3NO3 + NO2Cl The ReO3Cl can be replaced with...

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Nitrate radical

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other methods. Nitrogen trioxide is a product of the photolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide N 2O 5, chlorine nitrate ClONO 2, and peroxynitric acid HO 2NO 2...

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Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite

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cells also allow measurement of ozone (O3), nitric acid (HNO3) and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) The specific objectives of ISAMS were: (i) To obtain measurements...

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