The demographic history of Peru shows the structure of the population in different historical periods. Peru's population drastically increased in the 1900s, with a diverse range of ethnic divisions living in the country. Lima is its capital city situated along the Pacific Ocean coast, where most of its population lives, and its population size is around 9.75 million.[4] Major cities are located near the coastal areas of Peru. In terms of population and area size, it is the fourth and third largest country in South America,[5] a place where the ancestral transcends and all forms of art combine. Peru became an independent country on July 28, 1821. However, Peru did not have a proper national census until 1876, more than a half-century after independence.[6] They took the data before the federal census through different mediums but not on a national level. The significant migration in Peru consisted of Indigenous people, Europeans, enslaved Africans, and Asians; Spaniards were the first European who came to Peru, arrived in 1531, and discovered the Inca culture.[7] The Incas established pre-Columbian America's greatest and most advanced kingdom and monarchy.[8] However, native Americans were still in a larger proportion to total population.
Peru is a multi-cultural country with a diverse range of ethnic, religious, and languages divisions among people. The blending and diversity of cultural traditions has resulted in a vast range of artistic, culinary, literary, and musical expressions throughout the Peru. Culturally, Peru is known as one of the oldest civilizations in America. Francisco Pizarro and his conquerors came in Peru, and were known as the Chachapoya who then lived in tropical Andean cloud forests.[9] Roman Catholicism is Peru's most widespread affiliated religion.[10] However, other religions, such as Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, and a trend of being irreligion are also common, especially among young people.
Peruvian history is often divided into pre-Columbian and post-Columbian eras.
^"Peru Population 2022 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
^ ab"Female and male life expectancy at birth". ourworldindata.org. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
^"Peru – Net migration rate". knoema.com. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
^"Lima Population 2022". World Population Review. 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
^"Countries in South America by Population (2022) – Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
^Gootenberg, Paul (1991). "Population and Ethnicity in Early Republican Peru: Some Revisions". Latin American Research Review. 26 (3): 109–157. doi:10.1017/S0023879100023955. JSTOR 2503666. S2CID 252940541. ProQuest 1297374817.
^Briney, A (2020). "Peru – Learn Geographic Information about the Country of Peru". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
^Mangudai, A (n.d.). "The Inca". All Empires. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
^Matthews-Bird, Frazer; Valencia, Bryan G; Church, Warren; Peterson, Larry C; Bush, Mark (November 2017). "A 2000-year history of disturbance and recovery at a sacred site in Peru's northeastern cloud forest". The Holocene. 27 (11): 1707–1719. Bibcode:2017Holoc..27.1707M. doi:10.1177/0959683617702232. S2CID 133721669.
^"Population of Peru 1800–2020". Statista. 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
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