DNA glycosylases are a family of enzymes involved in base excision repair, classified under EC number EC 3.2.2. Base excision repair is the mechanism by which damaged bases in DNA are removed and replaced. DNA glycosylases catalyze the first step of this process. They remove the damaged nitrogenous base while leaving the sugar-phosphate backbone intact, creating an apurinic/apyrimidinic site, commonly referred to as an AP site. This is accomplished by flipping the damaged base out of the double helix followed by cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond.[1]
Glycosylases were first discovered in bacteria, and have since been found in all kingdoms of life. In addition to their role in base excision repair, DNA glycosylase enzymes have been implicated in the repression of gene silencing in A. thaliana, N. tabacum and other plants by active demethylation. 5-methylcytosine residues are excised and replaced with unmethylated cytosines allowing access to the chromatin structure of the enzymes and proteins necessary for transcription and subsequent translation.[2][3]
^Lindahl, T. (1986). "DNA Glycosylases in DNA Repair". Mechanisms of DNA Damage and Repair. Vol. 38. pp. 335–340. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9462-8_36. ISBN 978-1-4615-9464-2. PMID 3527146. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^Aguis, F.; Kapoor, A; Zhu, J-K (2006). "Role of the Arabidopsis DNA glycosylase/lyase ROS1 in active DNA demethylation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (31): 11796–11801. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10311796A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603563103. PMC 1544249. PMID 16864782.
^Choi, C-S.; Sano, H. (2007). "Identification of tobacco genes encoding proteins possessing removal activity of 5-methylcytosines from intact tobacco DNA". Plant Biotechnology. 24 (3): 339–344. doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.339.
DNAglycosylases are a family of enzymes involved in base excision repair, classified under EC number EC 3.2.2. Base excision repair is the mechanism by...
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of uracil (product of cytosine deamination and not part of DNA) by uracil-DNAglycosylase, generating an abasic (AP) site. The resulting abasic site is...
would base pair with adenine) during DNA synthesis. Uracil-DNAglycosylase excises uracil bases from double-stranded DNA. This enzyme would therefore recognize...
ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) and thymine-DNAglycosylase (TDG). One particular TET enzyme, TET1, and TDG are present at high...
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DNA methylation is a biological process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule. Methylation can change the activity of a DNA segment without...
a DNAglycosylase recognizes a damaged base and cleaves the N-glycosidic bond to release the base, leaving an AP site. A variety of glycosylases that...
groups, as demonstrated in human alkyladenine DNAglycosylase (AAG) and E. coli 3-methyladenine DNAglycosylase II (AlkA). in vitro evidence demonstrated...
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selective monofunctional uracil DNAglycosylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SMUG1 gene. SMUG1 is a glycosylase that removes uracil from single-...
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recently been indicated, since GADD45 physically interacts with thymine-DNAglycosylase (TDG) and GADD45 may promote the activity of TDG in its role(s) during...
base or nucleotide. In base excision repair, a glycosylase enzyme removes the damaged base from the DNA by cleaving the bond between the base and the deoxyribose...
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