Proteins that contain one or more copper ions as prosthetic groups
Copper proteins are proteins that contain one or more copper ions as prosthetic groups. Copper proteins are found in all forms of air-breathing life. These proteins are usually associated with electron-transfer with or without the involvement of oxygen (O2). Some organisms even use copper proteins to carry oxygen instead of iron proteins. A prominent copper protein in humans is in cytochrome c oxidase (cco). This enzyme cco mediates the controlled combustion that produces ATP.[1] Other copper proteins include some superoxide dismutases used in defense against free radicals, peptidyl-α-monooxygenase for the production of hormones, and tyrosinase, which affects skin pigmentation.[2]
^Lontie R, ed. (2018). Copper Proteins and Copper Enzymes. Vol. III. CRC Press. ISBN 9781315891798.
^Członkowska, Anna; Litwin, Tomasz; Dusek, Petr; Ferenci, Peter; Lutsenko, Svetlana; Medici, Valentina; Rybakowski, Janusz K.; Weiss, Karl Heinz; Schilsky, Michael L. (2018). "Wilson disease". Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 4 (1): 21. doi:10.1038/s41572-018-0018-3. PMC 6416051. PMID 30190489.
Several copperproteins, such as the "blue copperproteins", do not interact directly with substrates; hence they are not enzymes. These proteins relay...
children, corresponding to the varying need for copper during different stages of life. Copperproteins have diverse roles in biological electron transport...
disease protein (WND), also known as ATP7B protein, is a copper-transporting P-type ATPase which is encoded by the ATP7B gene. The ATP7B protein is located...
abbreviated Hc) are proteins that transport oxygen throughout the bodies of some invertebrate animals. These metalloproteins contain two copper atoms that reversibly...
Functionally, the "penny" is a collection of copper ions and the "knuckles" of the fist are proteins that interact with the promoter of the metallothionein...
assay, the copper(II) binds with nitrogen atoms present in the peptides of proteins. In a secondary reaction, the copper(II) is reduced to copper(I). Buffers...
copper-containing protein that mediates electron-transfer. It is found in a variety of plants, where it participates in photosynthesis. The protein is...
Cu2+ state of the copper. In the absence of oxygen, the bound copper is found as Cu1+ and hemocyanin is colorless. The KLH protein is potently immunogenic...
Azurin is a small, periplasmic, bacterial blue copperprotein found in Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes bacteria. Azurin moderates single-electron...
concluded that the original type-3 copperprotein possessed a single peptide and grouped into α subclass. The ancestral protein gene underwent to two duplication...
disorder caused by mutations in genes coding for the copper-transport protein ATP7A, leading to copper deficiency. Characteristic findings include kinky...
the copper ligand, one proposed function casts PrP as a copper buffer for the synaptic cleft. In this role, the protein could serve as either a copper homeostasis...
the major copper-carrying protein in the blood, and in addition plays a role in iron metabolism. It was first described in 1948. Another protein, hephaestin...
and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO). The first is a transmembrane copperprotein which catalyzes the oxidation of ammonia to hydroxylamine (1.1) taking...
Plastocyanin is one of the family of blue copperproteins that are involved in electron transfer reactions. The copper-binding site is described as distorted...
and storage of copper ions. Copper is essential to human health as it is a component of many proteins. But hypercupremia (high copper level in the blood)...
Pea protein is a food product and protein supplement derived and extracted from yellow and green split peas, Pisum sativum. It can be used as a dietary...
Copper deficiency, or hypocupremia, is defined either as insufficient copper to meet the needs of the body, or as a serum copper level below the normal...
sodium tartrate, and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. The BCA assay primarily relies on two reactions. First, the peptide bonds in protein reduce Cu2+ ions...
Amicyanin is a type I copperprotein that plays an integral role in electron transfer. In bacteria such as Paracoccus denitrificans, amicyanin is part...
Stellacyanin is a member of the blue or type I copperprotein family. This family of copperproteins is generally involved in electron transfer reactions...
High affinity copper uptake protein 1 (CTR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC31A1 gene. Copper is an element essential for life, but...
VIII protein consists of six domains: A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2, and is homologous to factor V. The A domains are homologous to the A domains of the copper-binding...
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