This article is about blood clotting. For other uses, see Coagulation (disambiguation).
Coagulation
Blood coagulation pathways in vivo showing the central role played by thrombin
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Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot. It results in hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair. The process of coagulation involves activation, adhesion and aggregation of platelets, as well as deposition and maturation of fibrin.
Coagulation begins almost instantly after an injury to the endothelium that lines a blood vessel. Exposure of blood to the subendothelial space initiates two processes: changes in platelets, and the exposure of subendothelial platelet tissue factor to coagulation factor VII, which ultimately leads to cross-linked fibrin formation. Platelets immediately form a plug at the site of injury; this is called primary hemostasis. Secondary hemostasis occurs simultaneously: additional coagulation factors beyond factor VII (listed below) respond in a cascade to form fibrin strands, which strengthen the platelet plug.[1]
Coagulation is highly conserved throughout biology. In all mammals, coagulation involves both cellular components (platelets) and proteinaceous components (coagulation or clotting factors).[2][3] The pathway in humans has been the most extensively researched and is the best understood.[4] Disorders of coagulation can result in problems with hemorrhage, bruising, or thrombosis.[5]
^Furie, Barbara C.; Furie, Bruce (December 2005). "Thrombus formation in vivo". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115 (12): 3355–3362. doi:10.1172/JCI26987. PMC 1297262. PMID 16322780.
^Michelson, Alan D. (2006). Platelets (2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 3–5. ISBN 978-0-08-046586-9. OCLC 909782638. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
^"Coagulation Factor Tests: MedlinePlus Medical Test". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
^Schmaier, Alvin H.; Lazarus, Hillard M. (2011). Concise guide to hematology. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-4051-9666-6. OCLC 779160978. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
^Lillicrap, D.; Key, Nigel; Makris, Michael; Denise, O'Shaughnessy (2009). Practical Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 1–5. ISBN 978-1-4051-8460-1.
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the development of autoantibodies (inhibitors) directed against plasma coagulation factors. Acquired haemophilia can be associated with cancers, autoimmune...
intrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation. The PTT indirectly measures action of the following coagulation factors: I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin)...
of coagulation in the body. Recombinant factor VIIa, which is an activated form of factor VII, bypasses factors VIII and IX and causes coagulation without...
injury, coagulation factor VIII is activated and separates from von Willebrand factor. The active protein (sometimes written as coagulation factor VIIIa)...
A coagulation screen is a combination of screening laboratory tests, designed to provide rapid non-specific information, which allows an initial broad...
picture of alterations within the coagulation system and allow predicting a tendency to hyper- or hypo-coagulation in general.[citation needed] Local...
an assay for evaluating the extrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation. This blood test is also called protime INR and PT/INR. They are used...
not truly dissolved in solution. Coagulation and flocculation are important processes in water treatment with coagulation aimed to destabilize and aggregate...
and fibrinogen, potentiating the coagulation cascade. So, in reality, the process of platelet plugging and coagulation are occurring simultaneously rather...
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dictionary. Coagulant can refer to: Flocculation Coagulation of the blood Coagulation (water treatment) Coagulation (disambiguation) This disambiguation page...
Coagulation factor V (Factor V) is a protein of the coagulation system, encoded for in the human by the F5 gene. It is rarely referred to as proaccelerin...
The prostate (/ˈprɒs.teɪt/) is both an accessory gland of the male reproductive system and a muscle-driven mechanical switch between urination and ejaculation...
pathway. Factor XII can also be used to start coagulation cascades in laboratory diagnostic coagulation assays called activated partial thromboplastin...
density of particles as they coagulate (in this context "clumping together") to size x at time t. Simultaneous coagulation (or aggregation) is encountered...
colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis. There are two components to a thrombus: aggregated...
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