Process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to precipitate as floc or flake
"Flocculent" redirects here. For the galaxy type, see Flocculent spiral galaxy.
IUPAC definition[1]
Flocculation (in polymer science): Reversible formation of aggregates in which the particles are not in physical contact.
Agglomeration (except in polymer science) Coagulation (except in polymer science) Flocculation (except in polymer science) Process of contact and adhesion whereby dispersed molecules or particles are held together by weak physical interactions ultimately leading to phase separation by the formation of precipitates of larger than colloidal size.
In contrast to aggregation, agglomeration is a reversible process.
The definition proposed here is recommended for distinguishing agglomeration from aggregation. The particles that comprise agglomerates can be dispersed again.
This quotation is from the Purple Book (Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature: IUPAC Recommendations, 2008).[2]
Coagulation-flocculation process in a water treatment system
In colloidal chemistry, flocculation is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended, under the form of a stable dispersion (where the internal phase (solid) is dispersed throughout the external phase (fluid) through mechanical agitation) and are not truly dissolved in solution.
Coagulation and flocculation are important processes in water treatment with coagulation aimed to destabilize and aggregate particles through chemical interactions between the coagulant and colloids, and flocculation to sediment the destabilized particles by causing their aggregation into floc.[clarification needed]
^Slomkowski, Stanislaw; Alemán, José V.; Gilbert, Robert G.; Hess, Michael; Horie, Kazuyuki; Jones, Richard G.; Kubisa, Przemyslaw; Meisel, Ingrid; Mormann, Werner; Penczek, Stanisław; Stepto, Robert F. T. (2011). "Terminology of polymers and polymerization processes in dispersed systems (IUPAC Recommendations 2011)" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 83 (12): 2229–2259. doi:10.1351/PAC-REC-10-06-03. S2CID 96812603. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
^Richard G. Jones; Edward S. Wilks; W. Val Metanomski; Jaroslav Kahovec; Michael Hess; Robert Stepto; Tatsuki Kitayama, eds. (2009). Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature (IUPAC Recommendations 2008) "The Purple Book" (2nd ed.). RSC Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85404-491-7.
IUPAC definition Flocculation (in polymer science): Reversible formation of aggregates in which the particles are not in physical contact. Agglomeration...
Yeast flocculation typically refers to the clumping together (flocculation) of brewing yeast once the sugar in a wort has been fermented into beer. In...
since the settling rate of individual clay particles is extremely slow. Flocculation is very rapid once the clay encounters highly saline sea water. Whereas...
agents are used to remove suspended solids from liquids by inducing flocculation, causing the solids to form larger aggregates that can be easily removed...
constant monitoring can prevent future contamination. Coagulation and flocculation are closely related processes common in arsenate removal from water....
sand filters or biologically active carbon; chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination; and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet...
suited for flocculation. Actually, pDADMAC or DMDAAC, is used as a coagulant - a charge neutralization process that precedes flocculation. PolyDADMAC...
coagulant in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Coagulant can refer to: Flocculation Coagulation of the blood Coagulation (water treatment) Coagulation (disambiguation)...
parts of different composition through the physio-chemical processes of flocculation, creaming, and coalescence. Curdling is purposeful in the production...
precipitate to dissolve back into the solution. An example of polyelectrolyte flocculation is the removal of protein cloud from beer wort using Irish moss. Metal...
factors including temperature, pH, and the ionic strength of the solvent. Flocculation occurs when the dispersed drops group together throughout the continuous...
called scum. Before the water enters the clarifier, coagulation and flocculation reagents, such as polyelectrolytes and ferric sulfate, can be added....
IgM or IgA), visualized through foaming of the test tube fluid, or "flocculation".[citation needed] The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test uses the same antigen...
interaction between pectin and cloud proteins, which led to protein-pectin flocculation. The insoluble material of the cloud clumps in conditions above 70 °C...
The maturation tanks that Anheuser-Busch uses are horizontal, causing flocculation of yeast to occur much more quickly. Anheuser-Busch refers to this process...
nature and the concentrations of cations at which the flocculation occurs: critical flocculation concentration (CFC). The SAR parameter is also used to...
Alternatively, polymer molecules that bond with multiple clay particles promote flocculation. Hydrogel networks can result in more indirect strengthening within soils...
of Zeta potential (mV) Stability behavior 0 to 5 Rapid coagulation or flocculation 10 to 30 Incipient instability 30 to 40 Moderate stability 40 to 60 Good...
chains of polyacrylamide. This results in significant enhancement of the flocculation rate. This allows water treatment plants to greatly improve the removal...
acetate (VAM) and acrylic acid (VAA) Polyacrylamide copolymer used as flocculation agent in water treatment Dishmaker (Meth)acrylate Erich Penzel (2000)...
aluminium sulfate, Al 2 (SO 4) 3·n H 2O, which is used for most industrial flocculation: 766 (the variable n is an integer whose size depends on the amount...
database Flocking agent, or clarifying agent, in chemistry, to induce flocculation Flock (satellite), by Planet Labs Flocking (texture), depositing many...
is referred to generally as aggregation, but is also referred to as flocculation, coagulation or precipitation. While these terms are often used interchangeably...
principle regarding geographic concentration of industries A subcategory of Flocculation Agglomeration, a term used by philosopher Bernard Williams oil agglomeration...
particles and impurities that have been trapped in a floc through the use of flocculation chemicals—typically alum. Since media other than silica sand can be used...
evolved to exhibit such early steps: yeast are long known to exhibit flocculation. One of the first yeast genes found to cause this phenotype is FLO1....
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