Clonazepam, sold under the brand names Klonopin, Rivotril and Paxam, is a medication used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania, agitation associated with psychosis, OCD and akathisia.[11] It is a long-acting[12] tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine class.[11] It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is typically taken by mouth but is also used intravenously.[11][13] Effects begin within one hour and last between eight and twelve hours in adults.[9][1]
Common side effects may include sleepiness, poor coordination, and agitation.[11] Long-term use may result in tolerance, dependence, and life-threatening withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly.[11][14] Dependence occurs in one-third of people who take benzodiazepines for longer than four weeks.[10] The risk of suicide increases, particularly in people who are already depressed.[11][15] Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the fetus.[11] Clonazepam binds to GABAA receptors, thus increasing the effect of the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).[10]
Clonazepam was patented in 1960 and went on sale in 1975 in the United States from Roche.[16][17] It is available as a generic medication.[11] In 2021, it was the 46th-most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 14million prescriptions.[18][19] In many areas of the world, it is commonly used as a recreational drug.[20][21]
^ abc"Paxam Data Sheet" (PDF). medsafe.govt.nz. 18 October 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^"Clonazepam International". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 25 August 2017.
^"Clonazepam Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 4 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
^Longo LP, Johnson B (April 2000). "Addiction: Part I. Benzodiazepines--side effects, abuse risk and alternatives". American Family Physician. 61 (7): 2121–2128. PMID 10779253.
^Hupp JR, Tucker MR, Ellis E (2013). Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 679. ISBN 9780323226875.
^"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^Ebel S, Schütz H (February 1977). "[Studies on the detection of clonazepam and its main metabolites considering in particular thin-layer chromatography discrimination of nitrazepam and its major metabolic products (author's transl)]". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 27 (2): 325–337. PMID 577149.
^Steentoft A, Linnet K (January 2009). "Blood concentrations of clonazepam and 7-aminoclonazepam in forensic cases in Denmark for the period 2002-2007". Forensic Science International. 184 (1–3): 74–79. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.12.004. PMID 19150586.
^ abcCooper G, ed. (2007). Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. p. 214. ISBN 9781597452472. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016.
^ abcRiss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S (August 2008). "Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics". Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 118 (2): 69–86. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. PMID 18384456. S2CID 24453988.
^ abcdefghi"Clonazepam". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
^Basit H, Kahwaji CI (2024). "Clonazepam". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32310470. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
^Koubeissi M (2016). "Intravenous Clonazepam in Status Epilepticus". Epilepsy Currents. 16 (2): 89–90. doi:10.5698/1535-7511-16.2.89. PMC 4822737. PMID 27073337.
^Edinoff AN, Nix CA, Hollier J, Sagrera CE, Delacroix BM, Abubakar T, et al. (November 2021). "Benzodiazepines: Uses, Dangers, and Clinical Considerations". Neurology International. 13 (4): 594–607. doi:10.3390/neurolint13040059. PMC 8629021. PMID 34842811.
^Cite error: The named reference Dodd2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 535. ISBN 9783527607495.
^Shorter E (2005). "B". A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190292010. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015.
^"The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^"Clonazepam - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^Martino D, Cavanna AE, eds. (2013). Advances in the neurochemistry and neuropharmacology of Tourette Syndrome. Burlington: Elsevier Science. p. 357. ISBN 9780124115613. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. In several countries, prescription and use is now severely limited due to abusive recreational use of clonazepam.
^Fisher GL (2009). Encyclopedia of substance abuse prevention, treatment, & recovery. Los Angeles: SAGE. p. 100. ISBN 9781412950848. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. frequently abused
Clonazepam, sold under the brand names Klonopin, Rivotril and Paxam, is a medication used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania...
be used either alone or in combination with clonazepam. Some people have adverse reactions to clonazepam and/or sodium valproate. When patients are taking...
Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine is used to treat many forms of parasomnia. Rapid eye movement behavior disorder responds well to low doses of clonazepam...
mild symptomatology during clonazepam administration. And as with lamotrigine, there are many anecdotal reports of clonazepam greatly decreasing symptoms...
in 1990 comparing it to clonazepam, 10 mg of clobazam was shown to be less sedative than either 0.5 mg or 1 mg of clonazepam. The α1 subtype of the GABAA...
nitrazepam (the parent compound), nimetazepam (methylamino derivative) and clonazepam (2ʹ-chlorinated derivative). Flunitrazepam has a melting point of around...
also help to reduce or eliminate the hypnic jerks. For example, low-dose clonazepam at bedtime may make the twitches disappear over time. In addition, some...
a dramatic decrease since 2010, while anxiolytics such as alprazolam, clonazepam, and lorazepam have increased or remained stable. Temazepam and similar...
have become tolerant to the anti-seizure effects of the benzodiazepine clonazepam became seizure-free for several days after treatment with 1.5 mg of flumazenil...
Melatonin and clonazepam are the most frequently used, and are comparably effective, but melatonin offers a safer alternative, because clonazepam can produce...
a date with Brandi. On their date, she sees him taking a prescription clonazepam and assumes that Ronnie takes them recreationally. She asks him to share...
treatment simultaneously with sertraline and clonazepam, with subsequent gradual discontinuation of clonazepam, may accelerate the response. Double-blind...
Before starting a treatment with clonazepam, a screening for obstructive sleep apnea should performed. However, clonazepam needs to be manipulated carefully...
drug overdose of heroin and traces of two prescription tranquilizers: clonazepam, and alprazolam, which contributed to his death. Mid Atlantic Championship...
Tourette syndrome, anxiety disorder, and Alzheimer's disease Klonopin (clonazepam) – anti-anxiety and anti-epileptic medication of the benzodiazepine class...
Peterson stated this rehab was the result of his prescribed dosage of clonazepam being increased after his wife Tammy was diagnosed with kidney cancer...
alprazolam is the most common benzodiazepine for recreational use, followed by clonazepam, lorazepam, and diazepam. The number of emergency department visits due...
Benzodiazepines and other anxiolytic medications such as alprazolam and clonazepam are used to treat anxiety and can also help control the symptoms of a...
milligrams (0.25 grains) of alprazolam and 32 milligrams (0.5 grains) of clonazepam, for which he was briefly jailed and then released on $4,000 bail. After...
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