This is a representative figure showing mature mRNA splicing and corresponding canonical biogenesis of circRNAs which might include: B.1) direct back splicing; B.2) Intron pairing driven circularization; B.3) debranching resistant intron lariat; B.4) lariat-driven circularization (exon skipping).
In molecular biology, circular RNA (or circRNA) is a type of single-stranded RNA which, unlike linear RNA, forms a covalently closed continuous loop. In circular RNA, the 3' and 5' ends normally present in an RNA molecule have been joined together. This feature confers numerous properties to circular RNA, many of which have only recently been identified.
Many types of circular RNA arise from otherwise protein-coding genes. Some circular RNA have been shown to code for proteins.[1][2] Some types of circular RNA have also recently shown potential as gene regulators. The biological function of most circular RNA is unclear.
Because circular RNA do not have 5' or 3' ends, they are resistant to exonuclease-mediated degradation and are presumably more stable than most linear RNA in cells.[3] Circular RNA has been linked to some diseases such as cancer.[4]
^Dawoud A, Ihab Zakaria Z, Hisham Rashwan H, Braoudaki M, Youness RA (March 2023). "Circular RNAs: New layer of complexity evading breast cancer heterogeneity". Non-Coding RNA Research. 8 (1): 60–74. doi:10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.09.011. PMC 9637558. PMID 36380816. S2CID 252890235.
^Pamudurti NR, Bartok O, Jens M, Ashwal-Fluss R, Stottmeister C, Ruhe L, et al. (April 2017). "Translation of CircRNAs". Molecular Cell. 66 (1): 9–21.e7. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.02.021. PMC 5387669. PMID 28344080.
^Jeck WR, Sorrentino JA, Wang K, Slevin MK, Burd CE, Liu J, et al. (February 2013). "Circular RNAs are abundant, conserved, and associated with ALU repeats". RNA. 19 (2): 141–157. doi:10.1261/rna.035667.112. PMC 3543092. PMID 23249747.
^Vromman M, Vandesompele J, Volders PJ (January 2021). "Closing the circle: current state and perspectives of circular RNA databases". Briefings in Bioinformatics. 22 (1): 288–297. doi:10.1093/bib/bbz175. PMC 7820840. PMID 31998941.
biology, circularRNA (or circRNA) is a type of single-stranded RNA which, unlike linear RNA, forms a covalently closed continuous loop. In circularRNA, the...
Virusoids are circular single-stranded RNA(s) dependent on viruses for replication and encapsidation. The genome of virusoids consists of several hundred...
Viroids are small single-stranded, circularRNAs that are infectious pathogens. Unlike viruses, they have no protein coating. All known viroids are inhabitants...
RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger...
synthesize multiple copies of circular molecules of DNA or RNA, such as plasmids, the genomes of bacteriophages, and the circularRNA genome of viroids. Some...
viruses based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis. By organizing viruses based on their manner of mRNA production, it is possible to study viruses...
The RNA world is a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of life on Earth, in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated before the evolution...
transfer RNA (tRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA)...
In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is...
refers to the structure of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Chemically speaking, DNA and RNA are very similar. Nucleic acid structure is often divided...
Retrozymes are actively transcribed into covalently closed circularRNAs (circRNAs or cccRNAs) and are detected in both polarities, which may indicate the...
of circular DNA on gel electrophoresis Cyclic nucleotide Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) CircularRNA Cyclic...
DNA molecules. Most RNA molecules are linear, single-stranded molecules, but both circular and branched molecules can result from RNA splicing reactions...
small, single stranded circularRNA molecule closely related to the chrysanthemum stunt viroid. Present within the viroidal RNA is the Pospiviroid RY motif...
circularRNA that are only known to cause plant diseases, such as the potato spindle tuber viroid that affects various agricultural crops. Viroid RNA...
hundreds of examples of circularRNA genomes carrying hammerhead motifs, indicating that not only this ribozyme but small circularRNAs with ribozymes are...
of mRNAs, transcribed pseudogenes, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), circularRNA (circRNA) compete for the same pool of miRNA thereby regulating miRNA activity...
forms of RNA are made; circular genomic RNA, circular complementary antigenomic RNA, and a linear polyadenylated antigenomic RNA, which is the mRNA containing...
reactions 2 to 4 model, respectively, translation, and RNA and protein degradation. In nature, circular DNA is always isolated as a higher-order helix-upon-a-helix...
Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides...
covalently closed circularRNA molecules occurring as highly base-paired rod-like structures. Viroids, together with viroid-like satellite RNAs have been officially...
of the order Bunyavirales that include viruses with circular, negative-sense single stranded RNA. It got its name from the Nairobi sheep disease that...
link between circularRNAs and ALU Elements. Sharpless coined the term "backsplicing" to refer to the process by which these circularRNAs might be formed...
This list of RNA structure prediction software is a compilation of software tools and web portals used for RNA structure prediction. The single sequence...
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