Calcium concentration microdomains (CCMs) are sites in a cell's cytoplasm with a localised high calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration.[1] They are found immediately around the intracellular opening of calcium channels; when a calcium channel opens, the Ca2+ concentration in the adjacent CCM increases up to several hundred micromolar (μM).[2] These microdomains take part in calcium signaling, which has a diverse range of potential outcomes.[3]
Calcium concentration microdomains can be visualised with fluorescence microscopy by using aequorin as a reporter protein.[4]
^Serulle, Y.; Sugimori, M.; Llinas, R. R. (30 January 2007). "Imaging synaptosomal calcium concentration microdomains and vesicle fusion by using total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (5): 1697–1702. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.1697S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0610741104. PMC 1785242. PMID 17242349.
^Llinas, R; Sugimori, M; Silver, R. (1 May 1992). "Microdomains of high calcium concentration in a presynaptic terminal". Science. 256 (5057): 677–679. Bibcode:1992Sci...256..677L. doi:10.1126/science.1350109. PMID 1350109.
^Montero M, Brini M, Marsault R, Alvarez J, Sitia R, Pozzan T, Rizzuto R (1995). "Monitoring dynamic changes in free Ca2+ concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum of intact cells". EMBO J. 14 (22): 5467–75. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00233.x. PMC 394660. PMID 8521803.
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