Butenoic acid is any of three monocarboxylic acids with an unbranched 4-carbon chain with 3 single bonds and one double bond; that is, with the structural formula HO(O=)C–CH=CH–CH 2–H (2-butenoic) or HO(O=)C–CH 2–CH=CH–H (3-butenoic). All have the chemical formula C 3H 5COOH or C 4H 6O 2.
These compounds are technically mono-unsaturated fatty acids, although some authors may exclude them for being too short. The three isomers are:
crotonic acid (trans-2-butenoic or (2E)-but-2-enoic acid)
isocrotonic acid (cis-2-butenoic or (2Z)-but-2-enoic acid)
3-butenoic acid (but-3-enoic acid).[1][2]
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Crotonic acid ((2E)-but-2-enoic acid) is a short-chain unsaturated carboxylic acid described by the formula CH3CH=CHCO2H. The name crotonic acid was given...
Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group. The naming of these compounds is governed by IUPAC nomenclature...
Isocrotonic acid (also known as quartenylic acid; formally named (Z)-2-butenoicacid) is the cis isomer of crotonic acid. It is an oil, possessing an odor...
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isomer of 2-methyl-2-butenoicacid, which easily converts to the trans isomer, tiglic acid, upon heating or reaction with inorganic acids. The reverse transformation...
Carlos Eduardo Ferrari Chinese American Citizens Alliance (Z)-4-Amino-2-butenoicacid or CACA, a selective GABAC agonist Caca Bonita, a 1995 album by Papa...
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pyridoxamine in the first phase of the reaction, when an amino acid is converted into a keto acid.[citation needed] ALT is commonly measured clinically as part...
between aspartate and glutamate and, as such, is an important enzyme in amino acid metabolism. AST is found in the liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain...
inhibits bacteria; it consists of two alanine residues and a unique amino acid that is an analog of glutamate that they named "phosphinothricin".: 90 They...
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of enantiomers D- and L-valine (Val), D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, and L-lactic acid. Structures are alternately bound via amide and ester bridges....
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transporters is composed of two primary subclasses: the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) family and vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) family...
benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid using bleach: Similarly it catalyzes the double oxidation of 3-butenoicacid to fumaric acid: Gary W. Morrow "Nickel(II)...
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phosphate Glutamine synthetase uses ammonia produced by nitrate reduction, amino acid degradation, and photorespiration. The amide group of glutamate is a nitrogen...
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account for much of its antimalarial activity; the drug concentrates in the acidic food vacuole of the parasite and interferes with essential processes. Its...
α-ketoglutarate and ammonia). In bacteria, the ammonia is assimilated to amino acids via glutamate and aminotransferases. In plants, the enzyme can work in either...