Chloroquine is a medication primarily used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to its effects.[1] Certain types of malaria, resistant strains, and complicated cases typically require different or additional medication.[1] Chloroquine is also occasionally used for amebiasis that is occurring outside the intestines, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus.[1] While it has not been formally studied in pregnancy, it appears safe.[1][2] It was studied to treat COVID-19 early in the pandemic, but these studies were largely halted in the summer of 2020, and the NIH does not recommend its use for this purpose.[3] It is taken by mouth.[1]
Common side effects include muscle problems, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and skin rash.[1] Serious side effects include problems with vision, muscle damage, seizures, and low blood cell levels.[1][4] Chloroquine is a member of the drug class 4-aminoquinoline.[1] As an antimalarial, it works against the asexual form of the malaria parasite in the stage of its life cycle within the red blood cell.[1] How it works in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus is unclear.[1]
Chloroquine was discovered in 1934 by Hans Andersag.[5][6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[1]
^ abcdefghijk"Aralen Phosphate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
^"Chloroquine Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019. There are no controlled data in human pregnancies.
^"Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine". COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 28 August 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
^Mittra RA, Mieler WG (2013). "Chapter 89 – Drug Toxicity of the Posterior Segment". Retina (Fifth ed.). W.B. Saunders. pp. 1532–1554. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4557-0737-9.00089-8. ISBN 978-1-4557-0737-9. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
^Manson P, Cooke G, Zumla A, eds. (2009). Manson's tropical diseases (22nd ed.). [Edinburgh]: Saunders. p. 1240. ISBN 978-1-4160-4470-3. Archived from the original on 2 November 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
^Bhattacharjee M (2016). Chemistry of Antibiotics and Related Drugs. Springer. p. 184. ISBN 978-3-319-40746-3. Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06.
Chloroquine is a medication primarily used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to its effects. Certain types of malaria...
Chloroquine retinopathy is a form of toxic retinopathy (damage of the retina) caused by the drugs chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, which are sometimes...
prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to chloroquine. Other uses include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and porphyria...
impact some individuals taking standard doses (e.g., retinopathy with chloroquine, acute haemolytic anaemia with tafenoquine). Specifically, antimalarial...
Atebrin (german), is a medication with several uses. It is related to chloroquine and mefloquine. Although formerly available from compounding pharmacies...
making it possible to contract the parasite through infected blood. Chloroquine may be used where the parasite is still sensitive, however many malaria...
pregnancy. It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human...
with either metronidazole, tinidazole, nitazoxanide, dehydroemetine or chloroquine. Luminal infection is treated with diloxanide furoate or iodoquinoline...
often used together with chloroquine or atovaquone. When used with chloroquine the combination will treat mild chloroquine resistant malaria. It is taken...
parasites has developed to several antimalarial medications; for example, chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum has spread to most malarial areas, and resistance...
and reduces population. Chloroquine is an anti-malarial medication administered in the form of a tablet for ingestion. Chloroquine is a water-soluble drug...
the volume of distribution may increase dramatically, an example is chloroquine which has a V D = {\displaystyle V_{D}=} 250-302 L/kg In the simple mono-compartmental...
treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available. While sometimes used for nocturnal...
geographically contiguous Papua New Guinea, where chloroquine resistance is common (up to 20% resistance). Chloroquine resistance is an increasing problem in other...
defect. Palatal abscesses may also occur. Long-term use of the drug chloroquine diphosphatase, used in malaria prophylaxis, rheumatoid arthritis and...
prescribed in malaria endemic areas, and new therapeutic drugs, including chloroquine and artemisinins, were used to resist the scourge. Today, artemisinin...
mentioned that a study published in The Lancet on the effectiveness of chloroquine as a COVID-19 treatment was carried out by a company whose sales manager...
such as prednisone are indicated. Medications such as methotrexate, chloroquine, or azathioprine may occasionally be used in an effort to decrease the...
component of the veterinary drug Tributame along with embutramide and chloroquine used to carry out euthanasia on horses and dogs. "Lidocaine". Merriam-Webster...
of chronic asthma in adults. There is no strong evidence to recommend chloroquine medication as a replacement for taking corticosteroids by mouth (for...
example, Miki et al. 1992 trialed daily doses of chlorpromazine, reversing chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium chabaudi isolates in mice. Weeks et al., 2018...
Nifedipine is the prototype dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker Chloroquine is the prototypical antimalarial agent Acyclovir is the prototype antiviral...
a synthetic compound related to chloroquine which acts as an antimalarial, and shows good activity against chloroquine-resistant strains. It contains an...
Corporation, which concluded that the malaria drugs hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine did not improve the condition of COVID-19 patients, and may have harmed...
efficacy against malaria, but the attempts to combine methylene blue with chloroquine were disappointing. A Phase 3 clinical trial of LMTM (TauRx0237 or LMT-X)...
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