Human alanine transaminase 2 homodimer bound to PLP. PDB: 3IHJ
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EC no.
2.6.1.2
CAS no.
9000-86-6
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Alanine transaminase (ALT) is a transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.2). It is also called alanine aminotransferase (ALT or ALAT) and was formerly called serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase or serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and was first characterized in the mid-1950s by Arthur Karmen and colleagues.[1] ALT is found in plasma and in various body tissues but is most common in the liver. It catalyzes the two parts of the alanine cycle. Serum ALT level, serum AST (aspartate transaminase) level, and their ratio (AST/ALT ratio) are routinely measured clinically as biomarkers for liver health.[citation needed]
The half-life of ALT in the circulation approximates 47 hours.[2] Aminotransferase is cleared by sinusoidal cells in the liver.[2]
^Karmen A, Wroblewski F, Ladue JS (January 1955). "Transaminase activity in human blood". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 34 (1): 126–31. doi:10.1172/JCI103055. PMC 438594. PMID 13221663.
^ abGiannini EG, Testa R, Savarino V (February 2005). "Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 172 (3): 367–79. doi:10.1503/cmaj.1040752. PMC 545762. PMID 15684121. Aminotransferase clearance is carried out within the liver by sinusoidal cells. The half-life in the circulation is about 47 hours for ALT, about 17 hours for total AST and, on average, 87 hours for mitochondrial AST.
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