For bone marrow as eaten by humans, see Bone marrow (food).
Bone marrow
A section of bone marrow tissue (Prussian blue-stained)
Details
System
Hematopoietic system, Immune system,[1] Lymphatic system
Identifiers
Latin
medulla ossium
MeSH
D001853
TA98
A13.1.01.001
TA2
388
FMA
9608
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones.[2] In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis).[3] It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and bones of the pelvis.[4] Bone marrow comprises approximately 5% of total body mass in healthy adult humans, such that a man weighing 73 kg (161 lbs) will have around 3.7 kg (8 lbs) of bone marrow.[5]
Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day, which join the systemic circulation via permeable vasculature sinusoids within the medullary cavity.[6] All types of hematopoietic cells, including both myeloid and lymphoid lineages, are created in bone marrow; however, lymphoid cells must migrate to other lymphoid organs (e.g. thymus) in order to complete maturation.
Bone marrow transplants can be conducted to treat severe diseases of the bone marrow, including certain forms of cancer such as leukemia. Several types of stem cells are related to bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow can give rise to hematopoietic lineage cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, which can be isolated from the primary culture of bone marrow stroma, can give rise to bone, adipose, and cartilage tissue.[7]
^Schmidt, Richard F.; Lang, Florian; Heckmann, Manfred (30 November 2010). What are the organs of the immune system?. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. pp. 3/7.
^C., Farhi, Diane (2009). Pathology of bone marrow and blood cells (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott William & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781770934. OCLC 191807944.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Arikan, Hüseyin; Çiçek, Kerim (2014). "Haematology of amphibians and reptiles: a review" (PDF). North-Western Journal of Zoology. 10: 190–209.
^Katherine, Abel (2013). Official CPC Certification Study Guide. American Medical Association.
^Hindorf, C.; Glatting, G.; Chiesa, C.; Lindén, O.; Flux, G. (2010). "EANM Dosimetry Committee guidelines for bone marrow and whole-body dosimetry". Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 37 (6): 1238–1250. doi:10.1007/s00259-010-1422-4. PMID 20411259. S2CID 9755621.
^Birbrair, Alexander; Frenette, Paul S. (1 March 2016). "Niche heterogeneity in the bone marrow". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1370 (1): 82–96. Bibcode:2016NYASA1370...82B. doi:10.1111/nyas.13016. ISSN 1749-6632. PMC 4938003. PMID 27015419.
^Lindberg, Matthew R.; Lamps, Laura W. (2018). "Bone Marrow". Diagnostic Pathology: Normal Histology. pp. 130–137. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-54803-8.50035-8. ISBN 9780323548038.
Bonemarrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. In birds and mammals, bonemarrow is the primary...
Bonemarrow suppression also known as myelotoxicity or myelosuppression, is the decrease in production of cells responsible for providing immunity (leukocytes)...
cancer and various cancer syndromes. Blood cells are produced in the bonemarrow by stem cells that reside there. Aplastic anemia causes a deficiency...
transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bonemarrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood in order to replicate inside...
(MDS) is one of a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bonemarrow do not mature, and as a result, do not develop into healthy blood cells...
salts. Bone tissue is mineralized tissue of two types, cortical bone and cancellous bone. Other types of tissue found in bones include bonemarrow, endosteum...
Bonemarrow failure occurs in individuals who produce an insufficient amount of red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets. Red blood cells transport...
and overly thick blood. The plasma cells can also form a mass in the bonemarrow or soft tissue. When one tumor is present, it is called a plasmacytoma;...
In adults, haematopoiesis occurs in the red bonemarrow, in the core of most bones. The red bonemarrow is derived from the layer of the embryo called...
cancellous bone (spongy bone) which contains in the medullary cavity the bonemarrow. The outer shell of the long bone is made of cortical bone also known...
including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue)...
marrow in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Marrow may refer to: Marrow (vegetable), the mature fruit of certain Cucurbita pepo cultivars Bonemarrow,...
loo-KEE-mee-ə) is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bonemarrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells. These blood cells...
is a hematologic cancer, originating in the bonemarrow, which also frequently presents as one or more bone lesions. Germ cell tumors, including teratoma...
Bonemarrow adipose tissue (BMAT), sometimes referred to as marrow adipose tissue (MAT), is a type of fat deposit in bonemarrow. It increases in states...
Cauda Equina Cranial Nerve Palsies Suppression of bonemarrow function (i.e. anemia) Decreased mobility Bone is the third most common location for metastasis...
outside the bonemarrow, within the spleen or liver. This is termed extramedullary erythropoiesis. The bonemarrow of essentially all the bones produces...
of bone shafts where red bonemarrow and/or yellow bonemarrow (adipose tissue) is stored; hence, the medullary cavity is also known as the marrow cavity...
and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bonemarrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation....
lymphoid tissues (British English) are tumors that affect the blood, bonemarrow, lymph, and lymphatic system. Because these tissues are all intimately...
approved. A small percentage of people can be cured by a transplant of bonemarrow cells. As of 2015[update], about 4.4 million people have sickle cell...
the manubrium. Because the sternum contains bonemarrow, it is sometimes used as a site for bonemarrow biopsy. In particular, patients with a high BMI...
thin layers of compact bone enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous bone, which is the location of red bonemarrow. In an adult, most red...
generally divided into three types: bonemarrow, gastrointestinal, and neurovascular syndrome, with bonemarrow syndrome occurring at 0.7 to 10 Gy, and...
transplanted, such as bone and cartilage. An immune response against an allograft or xenograft is termed rejection. An allogenic bonemarrow transplant can result...
study of this and other bonemarrow failure syndromes has improved scientific understanding of the mechanisms of normal bonemarrow function and development...
bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bonemarrow and adipose tissue (fat). It is a middle tubular part composed of compact bone which...
Global Information