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Biblical Hebrew orthography information


Name Paleo-Hebrew Block Samaritan Phonetic
value
(Pre-Exilic)[1][2]
(IPA)
Greek
(LXX,
Secunda)[3]
Aleph Aleph א [ʔ],
Beth Beth ב [b] β
Gimel Gimel ג [ɡ] γ
Daleth Daleth ד [d] δ
He Heh ה [h],
Waw Waw ו [w], ου, υ, ω5
Zayin Zayin ז [z] ζ2, (σ2)
Heth Heth ח [ħ]1, [χ][4][5] , χ4
Teth Teth ט [tʼ][4][5] τ
Yodh Yodh י [j], ι
Kaph Kaph כ, ך [k] χ3, (κ3)
Lamedh Lamedh ל [l] λ
Mem Mem מ, ם [m] μ
Nun Nun נ, ן [n] ν
Samekh Samekh ס [s] σ
Ayin Ayin ע [ʕ], [ʁ][4][5] 1, γ4
Pe Pe פ, ף [p] φ3, (π3)
Sadhe Sadhe צ, ץ [sʼ][4][5] σ
Qoph Qoph ק [q] or [kʼ][4][5] κ
Resh Resh ר [r] ρ
Shin Shin ש [ʃ], [ɬ][4][5] σ
Taw Taw ת [t] θ3, (τ3)
  1. may be accompanied by vowel mutation[6]
  2. originally written with <σ> like the other sibilants, but later was written with <ζ>.[7]
  3. /k p t/ are consistently written in the Secunda by <χ φ θ>, but the Septuagint also occasionally uses <κ π τ>.[8]
  4. <χ γ> only in the Septuagint, when representing original /χ ʁ/
  5. <ου> as a consonant, <υ> as a consonant after vowels, <ου ω> as a mater lectionis[9]

Biblical Hebrew orthography refers to the various systems which have been used to write the Biblical Hebrew language. Biblical Hebrew has been written in a number of different writing systems over time, and in those systems its spelling and punctuation have also undergone changes.

  1. ^ Blau (2010:6, 69)
  2. ^ Rendsburg (1997)
  3. ^ Sáenz-Badillos (1993:80–86)
  4. ^ a b c d e f Blau (2010:69)
  5. ^ a b c d e f Rendsburg (1997:70–73)
  6. ^ Sáenz-Badillos (1993:81)
  7. ^ Sáenz-Badillos (1993:85)
  8. ^ Sáenz-Badillos (1993:82)
  9. ^ Kantor, Benjamin P. The Second Column (Secunda) of Origen's Hexapla in Light of Greek Pronunciation (PhD). University of Texas.

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