This article is about the Greek Bible translation. For the number, see 70 (number). For the moth, see Septuaginta zagulajevi. For other uses, see Septuagint (disambiguation).
Septuagint
Fragment of a Septuagint: A column of uncial book from 1 Esdras in the Codex Vaticanusc. 325–350 CE, the basis of Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton's Greek edition and English translation
Also known as
LXX
Greek Old Testament
Date
c. 3rd century BCE
Language(s)
Koine Greek
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The Septuagint (/ˈsɛptjuədʒɪnt/SEP-tew-ə-jint),[1] sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy (Ancient Greek: Ἡ μετάφρασις τῶν Ἑβδομήκοντα, romanized: Hē metáphrasis tôn Hebdomḗkonta), and often abbreviated as LXX,[2] is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew.[3][4] The full Greek title derives from the story recorded in the Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates that "the laws of the Jews" were translated into the Greek language at the request of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285–247 BCE) by seventy-two Hebrew translators—six from each of the Twelve Tribes of Israel.[5][6][7]
Biblical scholars agree that the first five books of the Hebrew Bible were translated from Biblical Hebrew into Koine Greek by Jews living in the Ptolemaic Kingdom, probably in the early or middle part of the third century BCE.[8] The remaining books were presumably translated in the 2nd century BCE.[4][9][10] Some targums translating or paraphrasing the Bible into Aramaic were also made during the Second Temple period.[11]
Few people could speak and even fewer could read in the Hebrew language during the Second Temple period; Koine Greek[3][12][13][14] and Aramaic were the most widely spoken languages at that time among the Jewish community. The Septuagint therefore satisfied a need in the Jewish community.[8][15]
^Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
^Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America (2022). "About Septuagint.Bible". The Septuagint: LXX - The Greek Translation of the Hebrew Scriptures. New York: Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
^ abStefon, Matt (2011). Judaism: History, Belief, and Practice. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 45. ISBN 978-1615304875.
^ abPetruzzello, Melissa (3 November 2022). "Septuagint". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
^Aristeas of Marmora (1904). The Letter Of Aristeas, translated into English. Translated by St. John Thackeray, Henry. London: Macmillan and Company, Limited. pp. 7–15.
^Tractate Megillah 9 (9a)
^Tractate Soferim 1 (1:7-8)
^ abRoss, William A. (15 November 2021). "The Most Important Bible Translation You've Never Heard Of". Articles. Scottsdale, Arizona: Text & Canon Institute of the Phoenix Seminary. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
^Beckwith, Roger T. (2008). The Old Testament Canon of the New Testament Church: and its Background in Early Judaism. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock. pp. 382, 383. ISBN 978-1606082492.
^Tov, Emanuel (1988). "The Septuagint". In Mulder, Martin Jan; Sysling, Harry (eds.). Mikra: text, translation, reading, and interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in ancient Judaism and early Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. pp. 161–2. ISBN 0800606043.
^van Staalduine-Sulman, Eveline (2020). "Simeon the Just, the Septuagint and Targum Jonathan". In Shepherd, David James; Joosten, Jan; van der Meer, Michaël (eds.). Septuagint, Targum and Beyond: Comparing Aramaic and Greek Versions from Jewish Antiquity. Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism. Vol. 193. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 327. ISBN 978-9004416727.
^Toy, Crawford Howell; Gottheil, Richard (1906). "Bible Translations: The Septuagint". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
The Septuagint (/ˈsɛptjuədʒɪnt/ SEP-tew-ə-jint), sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy (Ancient Greek: Ἡ μετάφρασις...
The Septuagint (LXX), the ancient (first centuries BC) Alexandrian translation of Jewish scriptures into Koine Greek exists in various manuscript versions...
Christians found it in the Septuagint that they were able to apply it to Christ. In fact, the deuterocanonical books of the Septuagint, written originally in...
apocrypha. These books are ultimately derived from the earlier Greek Septuagint collection of the Hebrew scriptures and are also Jewish in origin. Some...
Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the common supra-regional form of Greek...
authoritative text of the Hebrew Bible by modern Rabbinic Judaism. The Septuagint is a Koine Greek translation of the Tanakh from the third and second centuries...
the Septuagint (from the Latin septuaginta, "seventy"), a name which it gained in "the time of Augustine of Hippo" (354–430 AD). The Septuagint (LXX)...
Ezra in the Vetus Latina version, translating Ezra A and Ezra B of the Septuagint, are 'variant examples' of the same Hebrew original. In his prologue to...
and the object of sacrifice. The spelling "Moloch" follows the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate; the spelling "Molech" or "Molek" follows the Tiberian...
published by Thomas Nelson in 2008 featuring an English translation of the Septuagint by St. Athanasius Academy for the Old Testament and utilizing the New...
traditionally accepted by the Ethiopian church only), the apostles quoted the Septuagint, which includes them. According to the Gelasian Decree written by an anonymous...
There are, however, two other major texts, the Septuagint and the Samaritan Pentateuch. The Septuagint is a Koine Greek translation of the original Biblical...
Ketuvim (the prologue simply identifies "the rest of the books"). The Septuagint (LXX) is a Koine Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures, translated...
Nearly two thousand of these textual variations agree with the Koine Greek Septuagint and some are shared with the Latin Vulgate. Throughout their history,...
Scrolls collections. The third-century BC translators who produced the Septuagint in Koine Greek rendered the phrase "God took him" with the Greek verb...
Masoretic text of the Hebrew was used; for some of the apocrypha, the Septuagint Greek text was used, or for apocrypha for which the Greek was unavailable...
CE translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek. Whether he was revising the Septuagint, or was working from Hebrew manuscripts that represented a parallel tradition...
transitive "destroy", which occurs 184 times in the Hebrew Bible. The Septuagint, an early Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, renders "Abaddon" as...
The Roman Septuagint, also known as the Sixtine Septuagint (Sixtine LXX) or the Roman Sixtine Septuagint, is an edition of the Septuagint published in...
Esdras A, Greek Esdras, Greek Ezra, or 3 Esdras, is the ancient Greek Septuagint version of the biblical Book of Ezra in use within the early church, and...
pre-Christian, Septuagint. When Jerome undertook the revision of the Old Latin translations of the Septuagint, he checked the Septuagint against the Hebrew...
had other sons and daughters. According to the Septuagint, Phaleg lived to an age of 339 years. (Septuagint Genesis 11:16-19) Modern translations generally...
of the text which have some differences with today's Hebrew Bible. The Septuagint (a Koine Greek translation made in the third and second centuries BCE)...
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