This article is about a proposed dialect of Biblical Hebrew. For modern Israeli Hebrew, see Modern Hebrew.
The northern kingdom of Israel and its neighbours.
Israelian Hebrew (or IH) is a northern dialect of biblical Hebrew (BH) proposed as an explanation for various irregular linguistic features of the Masoretic Text (MT) of the Hebrew Bible. It competes with the alternative explanation that such features are Aramaisms, indicative either of late dates of composition, or of editorial emendations. Although IH is not a new proposal, it only started gaining ground as a challenge to older arguments to late dates for some biblical texts since about a decade before the turn of the 21st century: linguistic variation in the Hebrew Bible might be better explained by synchronic rather than diachronic linguistics, meaning various biblical texts could be significantly older than many 20th century scholars supposed.
What constitutes linguistic irregularity in the MT is not in dispute, nor is the affinity of many these features to aspects of Aramaic. What distinguishes the theories is a historical question of language contact. It is known that the Kingdom of Judah (from which name the Jewish people are known), suffered a defeat at the hands of the Aramaic speaking neo-Babylonian Empire,[1] which involved deportation according to standard Babylonian practice. This language contact is recognised by all scholars, as are the resultant Aramaisms in late Biblical Hebrew (LBH). What the IH proposal explains, which LBH does not, is the Aramaisms (and other features) that appear in texts that many scholars would consider antedated the period of exile in Babylon. The two theories are thus not incompatible, which is why they co-existed throughout the 20th century. However, the more recent work does pose a challenge to the traditional dating of some specific texts in the Bible, the Song of Songs in particular.
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Akkadian-Aramaic bilingualism can be assumed for first-millennium Mesopotamia". Eva Von Dassow, "Advances in Late Babylonian", Journal of the American Oriental Society122 (2002): 535–541.
IsraelianHebrew (or IH) is a northern dialect of biblical Hebrew (BH) proposed as an explanation for various irregular linguistic features of the Masoretic...
script (from which the modern Hebrew script descends). IsraelianHebrew is a proposed northern dialect of biblical Hebrew, believed to have existed in...
where *s1 and *s3 merged into /s/. Hebrew as spoken in the northern Kingdom of Israel, known also as IsraelianHebrew, shows phonological, lexical, and...
used in the Hebrew Bible was not related to the ancient Chaldeans and their language. Aramaic studies Biblical studies IsraelianHebrew Language of Jesus...
20th centuries Modern Hebrew – Early 20th century CE to present Other forms of HebrewIsraelianHebrew – Proposed dialect of Hebrew used by the Northern...
that it is a loanword from IsraelianHebrew, where the word had a "sh" sound, into Judean Hebrew and hence, Biblical Hebrew, where it would have been śaday...
Israelis, citizens or permanent residents of the State of Israel Modern Hebrew, a language Israeli (newspaper), published from 2006 to 2008 Guni Israeli...
have been labelled primarily with reference to Biblical geography: Hebrew (Israelian, Judean/Biblical, Samaritan), Phoenician/Punic, Amorite, Ammonite...
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Ginsberg, H.L. (1982). The Israelian heritage of Judaism. Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Gottwald, Norman (2008). The Hebrew Bible: A Brief Socio-Literary...
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