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Experimental evolution studies are a means of testing evolutionary theory under carefully designed, reproducible experiments. Given enough time, space, and money, any organism could be used for experimental evolution studies. However, those with rapid generation times, high mutation rates, large population sizes, and small sizes increase the feasibility of experimental studies in a laboratory context. For these reasons, bacteriophages (i.e. viruses that infect bacteria) are especially favored by experimental evolutionary biologists. Bacteriophages, and microbial organisms, can be frozen in stasis, facilitating comparison of evolved strains to ancestors. Additionally, microbes are especially labile from a molecular biologic perspective. Many molecular tools have been developed to manipulate the genetic material of microbial organisms, and because of their small genome sizes, sequencing the full genomes of evolved strains is trivial. Therefore, comparisons can be made for the exact molecular changes in evolved strains during adaptation to novel conditions.
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Molineux, M. R. Badgett, and D. M. Hills, 1993. Experimental molecular evolution of bacteriophage T7. Evolution 47:993-1007. Hillis, D.M., J.J. Bull, M.E....
Experimentalevolution is the use of laboratory experiments or controlled field manipulations to explore evolutionary dynamics. Evolution may be observed...
therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. This therapeutic...
A bacteriophage (/bækˈtɪərioʊfeɪdʒ/), also known informally as a phage (/ˈfeɪdʒ/), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea...
The phi X 174 (or ΦX174) bacteriophage is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus that infects Escherichia coli. This virus was isolated in 1935 by Nicolas...
coliphage λ, officially Escherichia virus Lambda) is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, that infects the bacterial species Escherichia coli (E. coli). It was...
the RNA world hypothesis may have new experimental evidence, with a long intermediary period in the evolution of cellular life. Definitive exclusion...
Directed evolution is used both for protein engineering as an alternative to rationally designing modified proteins, as well as for experimentalevolution studies...
Bacteriophage T7 (or the T7 phage) is a bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria. It infects most strains of Escherichia coli and relies on these...
Abedon ST, Hyman P, Thomas C (December 2003). "Experimental examination of bacteriophage latent-period evolution as a response to bacterial availability"....
way is by approaches, such as field biology, theoretical biology, experimentalevolution, and paleontology. These alternative ways of dividing up the subject...
Φ6 (Phi 6) is the best-studied bacteriophage of the virus family Cystoviridae. It infects Pseudomonas bacteria (typically plant-pathogenic P. syringae)...
Evolution of cells refers to the evolutionary origin and subsequent evolutionary development of cells. Cells first emerged at least 3.8 billion years...
A prophage is a bacteriophage (often shortened to "phage") genome that is integrated into the circular bacterial chromosome or exists as an extrachromosomal...
Ghent were the first to determine the sequence of a gene: the gene for bacteriophage MS2 coat protein. Richard J. Roberts and Phillip Sharp discovered in...
"Phenotypic plasticity, sexual selection and the evolution of colour patterns". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 209 (12): 2368–2376. doi:10.1242/jeb...
Carnegie Institution of Washington established the Station for ExperimentalEvolution at Cold Spring Harbor on an adjacent parcel. In 1921, the station...
virology. The subsequent discovery and partial characterization of bacteriophages by Frederick Twort and Félix d'Herelle further catalyzed the field,...
such as gardens; new institutions like the Carnegie Station for ExperimentalEvolution and the Marine Biological Laboratory provided more controlled environments...
C, Gold L (August 1990). "Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase". Science. 249 (4968):...
Experiments on Speciation. In Garland, Theodore & Rose, Michael R. "ExperimentalEvolution: Concepts, Methods, and Applications of Selection Experiments"....
bacteriophage T4 is a protein required for bacteriophage morphogenesis that acts catalytically rather than being incorporated into the bacteriophage structure...
constituent of the human digestive system. Several of the bacterial viruses (bacteriophage) that infect E. coli also have been very useful for the study of gene...
endolysins or murein hydrolases, are hydrolytic enzymes produced by bacteriophages in order to cleave the host's cell wall during the final stage of the...
study of bacteriophage genomes become prominent, thereby enabling researchers to understand the mechanisms underlying phage evolution. Bacteriophage genome...
of genetic suppression was the demonstration that in the assembly of bacteriophage T4 two deleterious mutations, each causing a deficiency in the level...
parasite. Her research makes use of bacteriophage-bacteria-plant systems to investigate host-pathogen co-evolution. It involves both field, molecular and...
fragments of bacteriophages that had previously infected the prokaryote. They are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar bacteriophages during subsequent...
geometric model of adaptive evolution by testing whether bacteriophage φ6 evolves by small steps. Their results showed that bacteriophage φ6 fitness declined...
instrumental in the demonstration of the evolution of parasitic genetic elements in co-infecting bacteriophages and experimental tests of Fisher's geometric model...
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