Red-stained Rickettsia rickettsii visible in cells of an Ixodid vector tick
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Pseudomonadota
Class:
Alphaproteobacteria
Order:
Rickettsiales
Family:
Rickettsiaceae
Tribe:
Rickettsieae
Genus:
Rickettsia da Rocha-Lima, 1916
Species groups and species[8]
belli group
Candidatus Rickettsia angustus
Candidatus Rickettsia kingi
Candidatus Rickettsia mendelii
Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae
Rickettsia bellii
Rickettsia canadensis[1][2]
Rickettsia monteiroi
spotted fever group
Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae
Candidatus Rickettsia antechini
Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae
Candidatus Rickettsia goldwasserii
Candidatus Rickettsia hungarica
Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis
Candidatus Rickettsia kellyi
Candidatus Rickettsia kotlanii
Candidatus Rickettsia kulagini
Candidatus Rickettsia leptotrombidium
Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii
Candidatus Rickettsia nicoyana
Candidatus Rickettsia principis
Candidatus Rickettsia rara
Candidatus Rickettsia rioja
Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis
Candidatus Rickettsia siciliensis
Candidatus Rickettsia tasmanensis
Candidatus Rickettsia uralica
Candidatus Rickettsia wissemanii
Rickettsia aeschlimannii[3]
Rickettsia africae[4]
Rickettsia akari[1]
Rickettsia amblyommatis
Rickettsia argasii
Rickettsia asembonensis
Rickettsia asiatica[5]
Rickettsia australis[1]
Rickettsia buchneri
Rickettsia conorii
R. conorii subsp. caspia
R. conorii subsp. conorii
R. conorii subsp. indica
R. conorii subsp. israelensis
Rickettsia cooleyi[6]
Rickettsia felis[7]
Rickettsia fournieri
Rickettsia gravesii
Rickettsia heilongjiangensis
Rickettsia helvetica
Rickettsia honei
R. honei subsp. marmionii
Rickettsia hoogstraalii
Rickettsia hulinensis
Rickettsia hulinii
Rickettsia japonica
Rickettsia lusitaniae
Rickettsia marmionii
Rickettsia martinet
Rickettsia massiliae
Rickettsia monacensis
Rickettsia montanensis
Rickettsia moreli
Rickettsia parkeri[1]
Rickettsia peacockii
Rickettsia philipii
Rickettsia raoultii
Rickettsia rhipicephali
Rickettsia rickettsii[1]
Rickettsia sibirica subgroup
Rickettsia sibirica[1]
Rickettsia slovaca
Rickettsia tamurae
Rickettsia vini
typhus group
Rickettsia prowazekii[1]
Rickettsia typhi[1]
Rickettsiaincertae sedis
Rickettsia limoniae
Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi
Candidatus Rickettsia laoensis
Candidatus Rickettsia liberiensis
Candidatus Rickettsia mahosotii
Rickettsia is a genus of nonmotile, gram-negative, nonspore-forming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that may occur in the forms of cocci (0.1 μm in diameter), bacilli (1–4 μm long), or threads (up to about 10 μm long). The genus was named after Howard Taylor Ricketts in honor of his pioneering work on tick-borne spotted fever.
Properly, Rickettsia is the name of a single genus, but the informal term "rickettsia", plural "rickettsias", usually not capitalised, commonly applies to any members of the order Rickettsiales. Being obligate intracellular bacteria, rickettsias depend on entry, growth, and replication within the cytoplasm of living eukaryotic host cells (typically endothelial cells).[9] Accordingly, Rickettsia species cannot grow in artificial nutrient culture; they must be grown either in tissue or embryo cultures; typically, chicken embryos are used, following a method developed by Ernest William Goodpasture and his colleagues at Vanderbilt University in the early 1930s. Many new strains or species of Rickettsia are described each year.[10][11] Some Rickettsia species are pathogens of medical and veterinary interest, but many Rickettsia are non-pathogenic to vertebrates, including humans, and infect only arthropods, often non-hematophagous, such as aphids or whiteflies.[12][13][14] Many Rickettsia species are thus arthropod-specific symbionts, but are often confused with pathogenic Rickettsia (especially in medical literature), showing that the current view in rickettsiology has a strong anthropocentric bias.[15]
Pathogenic Rickettsia species are transmitted by numerous types of arthropods, including chigger, ticks, fleas, and lice, and are associated with both human and plant diseases.[16] Most notably, Rickettsia species are the pathogens responsible for typhus, rickettsialpox, boutonneuse fever, African tick-bite fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Flinders Island spotted fever, and Queensland tick typhus (Australian tick typhus).[17] The majority of pathogenic Rickettsia bacteria are susceptible to antibiotics of the tetracycline group.
^ abcdefghSkerman VB, McGowan V, Sneath PH, eds. (1989). Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (amended ed.). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
^Truper HG, De' Clari L (1997). "Taxonomic note: Necessary correction of specific epithets formed as substantives (nouns) 'in apposition'". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 47 (3): 908–909. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-3-908.
^Beati, L.; Meskini, M., et al. (1997), "Rickettsia aeschlimannii sp. nov., a new spotted fever group rickettsia associated with Hyalomma marginatum ticks", Int J Syst Bacteriol47 (2): 548-55s4
^Kelly PJ, Beati L, Mason PR, Matthewman LA, Roux V, Raoult D (April 1996). "Rickettsia africae sp. nov., the etiological agent of African tick bite fever". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 46 (2): 611–614. doi:10.1099/00207713-46-2-611. PMID 8934912.
^Fujita, H.; Fournier, P.-E., et al. (2006), "Rickettsia asiatica sp. nov., isolated in Japan", Int J Syst Evol Microbiol56 (Pt 10): 2365–2368
^Billings AN, Teltow GJ, Weaver SC, Walker DH (1998). "Molecular characterization of a novel Rickettsia species from Ixodes scapularis in Texas" (PDF). Emerging Infectious Diseases. 4 (2): 305–309. doi:10.3201/eid0402.980221. PMC 2640119. PMID 9621204. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2017.
^La Scola, B.; Meconi, S., et al. (2002), "Emended description of Rickettsia felis (Bouyer et al. 2001), a temperature-dependent cultured bacterium"[permanent dead link], Int J Syst Evol Microbiol52 (Pt 6): 2035–2041
^"Rickettsia". NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
^Walker DH (1996). Baron S, et al. (eds.). Rickettsiae. In: Barron's Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 978-0-9631172-1-2. (via NCBI Bookshelf).
^Binetruy F, Buysse M, Barosi R, Duron O (February 2020). "Novel Rickettsia genotypes in ticks in French Guiana, South America". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 2537. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.2537B. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59488-0. PMC 7018960. PMID 32054909.
^Buysse M, Duron O (May 2020). "Two novel Rickettsia species of soft ticks in North Africa: 'Candidatus Rickettsia africaseptentrionalis' and 'Candidatus Rickettsia mauretanica'". Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases. 11 (3): 101376. doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101376. PMID 32005627. S2CID 210997920.
^Sakurai M, Koga R, Tsuchida T, Meng XY, Fukatsu T (July 2005). "Rickettsia symbiont in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum: novel cellular tropism, effect on host fitness, and interaction with the essential symbiont Buchnera". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71 (7): 4069–4075. Bibcode:2005ApEnM..71.4069S. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.7.4069-4075.2005. PMC 1168972. PMID 16000822.
^Himler AG, Adachi-Hagimori T, Bergen JE, Kozuch A, Kelly SE, Tabashnik BE, et al. (April 2011). "Rapid spread of a bacterial symbiont in an invasive whitefly is driven by fitness benefits and female bias". Science. 332 (6026): 254–256. Bibcode:2011Sci...332..254H. doi:10.1126/science.1199410. PMID 21474763. S2CID 31371994.
^Giorgini M, Bernardo U, Monti MM, Nappo AG, Gebiola M (April 2010). "Rickettsia symbionts cause parthenogenetic reproduction in the parasitoid wasp Pnigalio soemius (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 76 (8): 2589–2599. Bibcode:2010ApEnM..76.2589G. doi:10.1128/AEM.03154-09. PMC 2849191. PMID 20173065.
Rickettsia is a genus of nonmotile, gram-negative, nonspore-forming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that may occur in the forms of cocci (0.1 μm in diameter)...
Rickettsia parkeri (abbreviated R. parkeri) is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. The organism is found in the Western Hemisphere and is transmitted...
Rickettsia typhi is a small, aerobic, obligate intracellular, rod shaped gram negative bacterium. It belongs to the typhus group of the Rickettsia genus...
Rickettsia rickettsii is a Gram-negative, intracellular, coccobacillus bacterium that was first discovered in 1902. Having a reduced genome, the bacterium...
Rickettsia prowazekii is a species of gram-negative, alphaproteobacteria, obligate intracellular parasitic, aerobic bacillus bacteria that is the etiologic...
Rickettsia asiatica is a tick-borne pathogenic species borne by Ixodes ovatus. The type strain of Rickettsia asiatica sp. nov. is IO-1T (=CSUR R2T). Fujita...
Rickettsia conorii is a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium of the genus Rickettsia that causes human disease called boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean...
causative agent of Q fever. The genus Coxiella is morphologically similar to Rickettsia, but with a variety of genetic and physiological differences. C. burnetii...
Rickettsia sibirica is a species of Rickettsia. This bacterium is the etiologic agent of North Asian tick typhus, which is also known as Siberian tick...
Rickettsia japonica is a species of Rickettsia. It can cause Japanese spotted fever. Hanaoka N, Matsutani M, Kawabata H, et al. (December 2009). "Diagnostic...
Rickettsia africae is a species of Rickettsia. It can cause African tick-bite fever. Fournier PE, El Karkouri K, Leroy Q, et al. (2009). "Analysis of...
hearing loss or loss of part of an arm or leg. The disease is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a type of bacterium that is primarily spread to humans by...
a mite-borne infectious illness caused by bacteria of the genus Rickettsia (Rickettsia akari). Physician Robert Huebner and self-trained entomologist Charles...
Rickettsia honei is a species of Rickettsia. It can cause Flinders Island spotted fever. Stenos J, Roux V, Walker D, Raoult D (October 1998). "Rickettsia...
Rickettsia helvetica, previously known as the Swiss agent, is a bacterium found in Dermacentor reticulatus and other ticks, which has been implicated as...
Rickettsia raoultii is a tick-borne pathogenic spotted fever group Rickettsia species borne by Dermacentor ticks. Oleg Mediannikov; Kotaro Matsumoto;...
Africa, as well as Central and South America. The causative organism is Rickettsia prowazekii, transmitted by the human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis)...
Rickettsia massiliae is a tick-borne pathogenic spotted fever group Rickettsia species. L. Beati & D. Raoult (October 1993). "Rickettsia massiliae sp....
Rickettsia felis is a species of bacterium, the pathogen that causes cat-flea typhus in humans, also known as flea-borne spotted fever. Rickettsia felis...
Rickettsia akari is a species of Rickettsia which causes rickettsialpox. After a 1946 outbreak of a rickettsial-type disease at an apartment complex in...
Rickettsia heilongjiangensis is a species of gram negative Alphaproteobacteria, within the spotted fever group, being carried by ticks. It is pathogenic...
by specific types of bacterial infection. Epidemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii spread by body lice, scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi...
Rickettsia australis is a bacterium that causes a medical condition called Queensland tick typhus. The probable vectors are the tick species, Ixodes holocyclus...
Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection is a condition characterized by a rash of maculopapules. Tick-borne lymphadenopathy American tick bite fever List of...
are likely caused by a vasculitis caused by the rickettsia. It is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia typhi, and is transmitted by the fleas that infest...
Rickettsia monacensis is a tick-borne (Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes nipponensis) spotted fever group Rickettsia species. Shin, Sun-Hye; Seo, Hyun-Ji; Choi...
from several Rickettsia species, such as Rickettsia rickettsii (agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)), Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia prowazekii...
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