In the neuroanatomy of animals, an avian pallium is the dorsal telencephalon of a bird's brain. The subpallium is the ventral telencephalon.
The pallium of avian species tends to be relatively large, comprising ~75% of the telencephalic volume. Birds have a unique pallial structure known as the hyperpallium, once called the hyperstriatum. Evidence suggests the avian pallium's neuroarchitecture to be reminiscent of the mammalian cerebral cortex.[1] The avian pallium has also been suggested to be an equivalent neural basis for consciousness.[2][3]
A 2002 conference at Duke University (Avian Brain Nomenclature Consortium) established a standard nomenclature for describing the avian pallium as follows:[4][5][6][7]
Pallium
Pyriform cortex
Olfactory bulb
Hippocampus
Corticoid area
Hyperpallium
Apicale
Intercalatum
Densocellulare
Mesopallium
Dorsale
Ventrale
Nidopallium
Field L2
Entopallium
Basorostralis
Arcopallium
Amygdaloid complex
Posterior amygdala
Nucleus taeniae
Subpallium
Striatum
Lateral
Medial
Pallidum
Globus pallidus or dorsal pallidum
Ventral pallidum
^Stacho, Martin; Herold, Christina; Rook, Noemi; Wagner, Hermann; Axer, Markus; Amunts, Katrin; Güntürkün, Onur (2020-09-25). "A cortex-like canonical circuit in the avian forebrain". Science. 369 (6511). doi:10.1126/science.abc5534. ISSN 0036-8075.
^Nieder, Andreas; Wagener, Lysann; Rinnert, Paul (2020-09-25). "A neural correlate of sensory consciousness in a corvid bird". Science. 369 (6511): 1626–1629. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1626N. doi:10.1126/science.abb1447. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32973028. S2CID 221881862.
^Herculano-Houzel, Suzana (2020-09-25). "Birds do have a brain cortex—and think". Science. 369 (6511): 1567–1568. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1567H. doi:10.1126/science.abe0536. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32973020. S2CID 221882004.
^"AvianBrain.org: New Terminology for the Avian Brain". Avianbrain.org. 2011-05-16. Archived from the original on 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
^Ebert, Jessica (2005). "Reformation of bird-brain terminology takes off". Nature. 433 (7025). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 449. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..449E. doi:10.1038/433449b. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15690006.
^Reiner, A.; Perkel, D. J.; Bruce, L. L.; Butler, A. B.; Csillag, A.; Kuenzel, W.; Medina, L.; Paxinos, G.; Shimizu, T.; Striedter, G.; Wild, M.; Ball, G. F.; Durand, S.; Güntürkün, O.; Lee, D. W.; Mello, C. V.; Powers, A.; White, S. A.; Hough, G.; Kubikova, L.; Smulders, T. V.; Wada, K.; Dugas-Ford, J.; Husband, S.; Yamamoto, K.; Yu, J.; Siang, C.; Jarvis, E. D. (2004). "Revised Nomenclature for Avian Telencephalon and Some Related Brainstem Nuclei" (PDF). The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 473 (3): 377–414. doi:10.1002/cne.20118. hdl:10161/11232. PMC 2518311. PMID 15116397. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
^Reiner, Anton; Perkel, David J.; Bruce, Laura L.; Butler, Ann B.; Csillag, András; Kuenzel, Wayne; Medina, Loreta; Paxinos, George; Shimizu, Toru; Striedter, Georg; Wild, Martin; Ball, Gregory F.; Durand, Sarah; Gütürkün, Onur; Lee, Diane W.; Mello, Claudio V.; Powers, Alice; White, Stephanie A.; Hough, Gerald; Kubikova, Lubica; Smulders, Tom V.; Wada, Kazuhiro; Dugas-Ford, Jennifer; Husband, Scott; Yamamoto, Keiko; Yu, Jing; Siang, Connie; Jarvis, Erich D. (2004-05-31). "Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 473 (3). Wiley: 377–414. doi:10.1002/cne.20118. hdl:10161/11232. ISSN 0021-9967. PMC 2518311. PMID 15116397.
animals, an avianpallium is the dorsal telencephalon of a bird's brain. The subpallium is the ventral telencephalon. The pallium of avian species tends...
surface of the pallium, and the dorso-ventricular ridge, which comprises the nidopallium, arcopallium, and archipallium. The circuitry of the avian brain is...
brain may refer to: Bird brain, the brain of a bird, including the Avianpallium Bird intelligence, intelligence and its measurement as it applies to...
the distinctive six-layer neocortical structure. Evidence suggest the avianpallium to be broadly equivalent to the mammalian neocortex. In a similar manner...
In avian brains, evidence suggests the avianpallium's neuroarchitecture to be reminiscent of the mammalian cerebral cortex. The avianpallium has also...
The nidopallium, meaning nested pallium, is the region of the avian brain that is used mostly for some types of executive functions but also for other...
by a large pallium, which corresponds to the mammalian cerebral cortex and is responsible for the cognitive functions of birds. The pallium is made up...
posterior to anterior commissure: Subpallial amygdaloid area (PA/SpA) Avianpallium "Avian Brain Nomenclature History Table". Archived from the original on...
the forebrain (prosencephalon). In mammals, the dorsal telencephalon, or pallium, develops into the cerebral cortex, and the ventral telencephalon, or subpallium...
the development, structure and evolution of the mammalian and avian telencephalic pallium". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 356 (1414):...
forebrain roof, or pallium, consisting of six characteristic layers of neurons), they possess pallial regions, and some parts of the pallium are considered...
neocortex, in humans as well as other primates. The hippocampus, as the medial pallium, is a structure found in all vertebrates. In humans, it contains two main...
do not have a cerebral cortex. A related study shows that the birds' pallium's neuroarchitecture is reminiscent of the mammalian cortex. There are also...
Byzantine Emperor, with a long tunic and the loros, the long gold and jewelled pallium restricted to the Imperial family and their closest guards. The basic military...
homologous subcortical brain networks. For instance, evidence suggests the pallium in bird brains to be functionally equivalent to the mammalian cerebral...
connected to the telencephalon by multiple connections through the grey matter pallium, which has been demonstrated to receive nerve relays for noxious and mechanical...
Güntürkün, Onur (25 September 2020). "A cortex-like canonical circuit in the avian forebrain". Science. 369 (6511): eabc5534. doi:10.1126/science.abc5534....
(January 2001). "Reelin-immunoreactive neurons in the adult vertebrate pallium". Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 21 (1): 41–51. doi:10.1016/S0891-0618(00)00104-6...
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