Reelin information

RELN
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2ddu, 2e26, 2DDU, 2E26, 3A7Q
Identifiers
Aliases	RELN, LIS2, PRO1598, RL, reelin, ETL7
External IDs	OMIM: 600514 MGI: 103022 HomoloGene: 3699 GeneCards: RELN
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)
End	103,989,658 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)
End	22,549,700 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	olfactory bulb; ; cerebellar vermis; ; cerebellar hemisphere; ; spinal ganglia; ; trigeminal ganglion; ; endothelial cell; ; tibial nerve; ; pons; ; sural nerve; ; pancreatic ductal cell;
	Top expressed in
	ciliary body; ; cerebellar vermis; ; iris; ; olfactory bulb; ; sciatic nerve; ; superior colliculus; ; paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus; ; piriform cortex; ; retina; ; habenula;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	metal ion binding; peptidase activity; hydrolase activity; serine-type peptidase activity; lipoprotein particle receptor binding; very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; dendrite; plasma membrane; extracellular region; extracellular space; membrane; extracellular matrix; neuron projection;
Biological process	NMDA glutamate receptor clustering; positive regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration; dendrite development; proteolysis; cerebral cortex development; lateral motor column neuron migration; positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling; positive regulation of TOR signaling; long-term memory; multicellular organism development; receptor localization to synapse; postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering; ventral spinal cord development; protein localization to synapse; forebrain development; long-term potentiation; regulation of gene expression; layer formation in cerebral cortex; cell migration; learning; associative learning; cell adhesion; hippocampus development; spinal cord patterning; cerebral cortex tangential migration; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; glial cell differentiation; peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential; positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity; positive regulation of protein kinase activity; modulation of chemical synaptic transmission; positive regulation of AMPA receptor activity; brain development; central nervous system development; response to pain; positive regulation of synapse maturation; positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation; cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation; neuron migration; positive regulation of neuron projection development; positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction; positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; regulation of behavior; positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis; reelin-mediated signaling pathway; regulation of NMDA receptor activity; positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity; axon guidance;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5649
	19699
	ENSG00000189056
	ENSMUSG00000042453
	P78509
	Q60841
	NM_173054; NM_005045
	NM_011261; NM_001310464
	NP_005036; NP_774959
	NP_001297393; NP_035391
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Reelin, encoded by the RELN gene,^[5] is a large secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein that helps regulate processes of neuronal migration and positioning in the developing brain by controlling cell–cell interactions. Besides this important role in early development, reelin continues to work in the adult brain.^[6] It modulates synaptic plasticity by enhancing the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation.^[7]^[8] It also stimulates dendrite^[9] and dendritic spine^[10] development and regulates the continuing migration of neuroblasts generated in adult neurogenesis sites like the subventricular and subgranular zones. It is found not only in the brain but also in the liver, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, fallopian tube, breast and in comparatively lower levels across a range of anatomical regions.^[11]

Reelin has been suggested to be implicated in pathogenesis of several brain diseases. The expression of the protein has been found to be significantly lower in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder,^[12] but the cause of this observation remains uncertain, as studies show that psychotropic medication itself affects reelin expression. Moreover, epigenetic hypotheses aimed at explaining the changed levels of reelin expression^[13] are controversial.^[14]^[15] Total lack of reelin causes a form of lissencephaly. Reelin may also play a role in Alzheimer's disease,^[16] temporal lobe epilepsy and autism.

Reelin's name comes from the abnormal reeling gait of reeler mice,^[17] which were later found to have a deficiency of this brain protein and were homozygous for mutation of the RELN gene. The primary phenotype associated with loss of reelin function is a failure of neuronal positioning throughout the developing central nervous system (CNS). The mice heterozygous for the reelin gene, while having little neuroanatomical defects, display the endophenotypic traits linked to psychotic disorders.^[18]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000189056 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000042453 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "RELN gene". Genetics Home Reference. 1 August 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
^ Bosch C, Muhaisen A, Pujadas L, Soriano E, Martínez A (2016). "Reelin Exerts Structural, Biochemical and Transcriptional Regulation Over Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Elements in the Adult Hippocampus". Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 10: 138. doi:10.3389/fncel.2016.00138. PMC 4884741. PMID 27303269.
^ Cite error: The named reference LTP1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference LTP2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Niu_2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference pmid18842893 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Tissue expression of RELN - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
^ Cite error: The named reference szconfirm1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Schizophrenia Research Forum: Current Hypotheses was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference pmid17870056 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference pmid18319075 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Kovács KA (December 2021). "Relevance of a Novel Circuit-Level Model of Episodic Memories to Alzheimer's Disease". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23 (1): 462. doi:10.3390/ijms23010462. PMC 8745479. PMID 35008886.
^ Cite error: The named reference falconer was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference pmid16769115 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000189056 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000042453 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] "RELN gene". Genetics Home Reference. 1 August 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2022.

[6] Bosch C, Muhaisen A, Pujadas L, Soriano E, Martínez A (2016). "Reelin Exerts Structural, Biochemical and Transcriptional Regulation Over Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Elements in the Adult Hippocampus". Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 10: 138. doi:10.3389/fncel.2016.00138. PMC 4884741. PMID 27303269.

[LTP1-7] Cite error: The named reference LTP1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[LTP2-8] Cite error: The named reference LTP2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Niu_2004-9] Cite error: The named reference Niu_2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[pmid18842893-10] Cite error: The named reference pmid18842893 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:0-11] "Tissue expression of RELN - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 28 May 2018.

[szconfirm1-12] Cite error: The named reference szconfirm1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Schizophrenia_Research_Forum:_Current_Hypotheses-13] Cite error: The named reference Schizophrenia Research Forum: Current Hypotheses was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[pmid17870056-14] Cite error: The named reference pmid17870056 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[pmid18319075-15] Cite error: The named reference pmid18319075 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[16] Kovács KA (December 2021). "Relevance of a Novel Circuit-Level Model of Episodic Memories to Alzheimer's Disease". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23 (1): 462. doi:10.3390/ijms23010462. PMC 8745479. PMID 35008886.

[falconer-17] Cite error: The named reference falconer was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[pmid16769115-18] Cite error: The named reference pmid16769115 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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