Vertebrate brain region involved in memory consolidation
This article is about the section in the brain. For the fish genus Hippocampus, see Seahorse. For the mythological creature Hippocampus, see Hippocampus (mythology). For other uses, see Hippocampus (disambiguation).
Hippocampus
Hippocampus (lowest pink bulb) as part of the limbic system
Animation of both hippocampi in humans, located in the medial temporal lobes of the cerebrum
Details
Part of
Temporal lobe
Identifiers
Latin
hippocampus
MeSH
D006624
NeuroNames
3157
NeuroLex ID
birnlex_721
TA98
A14.1.09.321
TA2
5518
FMA
275020
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
The hippocampus (pl.: hippocampi; via Latin from Greek ἱππόκαμπος, 'seahorse') is a major component of the brain of humans and other vertebrates.Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. The hippocampus is part of the limbic system, and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation. The hippocampus is located in the allocortex, with neural projections into the neocortex, in humans[1][2][3] as well as other primates.[4] The hippocampus, as the medial pallium, is a structure found in all vertebrates.[5] In humans, it contains two main interlocking parts: the hippocampus proper (also called Ammon's horn), and the dentate gyrus.[6][7]
In Alzheimer's disease (and other forms of dementia), the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage;[8] short-term memory loss and disorientation are included among the early symptoms. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation (hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy. People with extensive, bilateral hippocampal damage may experience anterograde amnesia: the inability to form and retain new memories.
Since different neuronal cell types are neatly organized into layers in the hippocampus, it has frequently been used as a model system for studying neurophysiology. The form of neural plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) was initially discovered to occur in the hippocampus and has often been studied in this structure. LTP is widely believed to be one of the main neural mechanisms by which memories are stored in the brain.
In rodents as model organisms, the hippocampus has been studied extensively as part of a brain system responsible for spatial memory and navigation. Many neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampus respond as place cells: that is, they fire bursts of action potentials when the animal passes through a specific part of its environment. Hippocampal place cells interact extensively with head direction cells, whose activity acts as an inertial compass, and conjecturally with grid cells in the neighboring entorhinal cortex.
^Cite error: The named reference Martin2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Amaral2007-1a was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Amaral2007-1b was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Bachevalier J (December 2019). "Nonhuman primate models of hippocampal development and dysfunction". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (52): 26210–26216. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11626210B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1902278116. PMC 6936345. PMID 31871159.
^Bingman VP, Salas C, Rodriguez F (2009). "Evolution of the Hippocampus". In Binder MD, Hirokawa N, Windhorst U (eds.). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 1356–1360. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29678-2_3158. ISBN 978-3-540-29678-2.
^"Search Results for ammon's horn". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
^Colman AM (21 May 2015). "dentate gyrus". A Dictionary of Psychology. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199657681.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-965768-1. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
The hippocampus is located in the allocortex, with neural projections into the neocortex, in humans as well as other primates. The hippocampus, as the...
horse) is any of 46 species of small marine bony fish in the genus Hippocampus. "Hippocampus" comes from the Ancient Greek hippókampos (ἱππόκαμπος), itself...
hippocampus, such as the dentate gyrus (DG) in the dorsal hippocampus, the left hippocampus, and the parahippocampal region. The dorsal hippocampus was...
Hippocampus anatomy describes the physical aspects and properties of the hippocampus, a neural structure in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. It has...
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The hippocampus proper refers to the actual structure of the hippocampus which is made up of three regions or subfields. The subfields CA1, CA2, and CA3...
Ayoade as Tyrannis, son of Shlub and Deliria, paternal half-brother to Hippocampus, maternal half-brother to Stupendous and the main protagonist who is...
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it has any functional dependence on the hippocampus. Due to the density of its neural layers, the hippocampus generates some of the largest EEG signals...
adulthood in the hippocampus of many mammals, from rodents to some primates, although its existence in adult humans is debated. The hippocampus plays a crucial...
Hippocampus sarmaticus is an extinct species of seahorse, found in 2005 in the coprolitic horizon of the Tunjice hills Lagerstätte in Slovenia, along...
memories is likely because the CA1 region of the hippocampus has a lesion, and thus the hippocampus could not make connections to the cortex. After an...
known as the giant seahorse, (Hippocampus ingens) is a species of fish in the family Syngnathidae. Their genus name (Hippocampus) is derived from the Greek...
the hippocampus or the surrounding cortices does not seem to result in severe amnesia in primate models. They suggested damage to the hippocampus and...
Hippocampus slovenicus is an extinct species of seahorse found in 2005 in the coprolitic horizon of the Tunjice hills Lagerstätte in Slovenia along with...
calcar avis, but in 1786 this was renamed the hippocampus minor, with the hippocampus being called the hippocampus major. Richard Owen presented several papers...
The paradoxical seahorse (Hippocampus paradoxus) is a small seahorse in the genus Hippocampus. The only known specimen was captured in 1995 and remained...
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perception of time. The EC is the main interface between the hippocampus and neocortex. The EC-hippocampus system plays an important role in declarative...
in the hippocampus that were measured at one hour and 24 hours after contextual fear conditioning (described above in the section Hippocampus). The double...
amygdala passes olfactory information on to the hippocampus. The orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and olfactory bulb have many interconnections...
examined two slices of Albert Einstein's brain containing the hippocampus in 2001. The hippocampus is a subcortical brain structure that plays an important...
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