Whether fish, such as this hooked salmon, can be said to feel pain is controversial.
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Fish fulfill several criteria proposed as indicating that non-human animals experience pain. These fulfilled criteria include a suitable nervous system and sensory receptors, opioid receptors and reduced responses to noxious stimuli when given analgesics and local anaesthetics, physiological changes to noxious stimuli, displaying protective motor reactions, exhibiting avoidance learning and making trade-offs between noxious stimulus avoidance and other motivational requirements.
Whether fish feel pain similar to humans or differently is a contentious issue. Pain is a complex mental state, with a distinct perceptual quality but also associated with suffering, which is an emotional state. Because of this complexity, the presence of pain in an animal, or another human for that matter, cannot be determined unambiguously using observational methods, but the conclusion that animals experience pain is often inferred on the basis of likely presence of phenomenal consciousness which is deduced from comparative brain physiology as well as physical and behavioural reactions.[1]
If fish feel pain, there are ethical and animal welfare implications including the consequences of exposure to pollutants, and practices involving commercial and recreational fishing, aquaculture, in ornamental fish and genetically modified fish and for fish used in scientific research.
^Abbott FV, Franklin KB, Westbrook FR (January 1995). "The formalin test: scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats". Pain. 60 (1): 91–102. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00095-V. PMID 7715946. S2CID 35448280.
Fish fulfill several criteria proposed as indicating that non-human animals experience pain. These fulfilled criteria include a suitable nervous system...
lengthwise along one side of the fish parallel to the backbone. In preparation for filleting, any scales on the fish should be removed. The contents of...
Pain negatively affects the health and welfare of animals. "Pain" is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant...
Fish oil is oil derived from the tissues of oily fish. Fish oils contain the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid...
their entire lives in water they are "fish" in an informal sense; however, the term ”finfish" is sometimes used to distinguish fish, animals defined by...
Fried fish is any fish or shellfish that has been prepared by frying. Often, the fish is covered in batter, egg and breadcrumbs, flour, or herbs and spices...
listed in the table could be said to experience pain. On that basis, he concludes that all vertebrates, including fish, probably experience pain, but invertebrates...
areas in the brains of fish that can make them feel pain. Furthermore, fish have pain receptors similar to humans, and evidence shows that pain signals...
denotes fish milt, not fish eggs. People in KwaZulu-Natal consume fish roe in the form of slightly sour curry or battered and deep fried. In southern...
Fish paste is fish which has been chemically broken down by a fermentation process until it reaches the consistency of a soft creamy purée or paste. Alternatively...
experience pain and suffering..." In 2015, Brown wrote "A review of the evidence for pain perception strongly suggests that fish experience painin a manner...
Fish pie, also known as fisherman's pie, is a traditional British dish. According to Cook's Illustrated, the dish likely was created as a dish for Lent...
Fresh fish rapidly deteriorates unless some way can be found to preserve it. Drying is a method of food preservation that works by removing water from...
Canned or tinned fish are food fish which have been processed, sealed in an airtight container such as a sealed tin can, and subjected to heat. Canning...
Examples of cephalopds Painin cephalopods is a contentious issue. Pain is a complex mental state, with a distinct perceptual quality but also associated...
whereas Gochu is pepper Food portal Fish as food List of deep fried foods List of seafood dishes Octopus as food Painin invertebrates Oxford English Dictionary...
from fish or other meat. The term can also refer to a number of East Asian foods that use that paste as their primary ingredient. It is available in many...
consumption of live seafood while it is still moving Pain in crustaceans PaininfishPainin invertebrates Kurlansky, Mark (2009) The Big Oyster: A Molluscular...
Many species of fish are caught by humans and consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world. Fish has been an important dietary source of...
A fish (pl.: fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits...
movements. Ikizukuri is outlawed in Australia and Germany. In Canada, Ikizukuri is allowed. Eating live seafood PaininfishPainin crustaceans Odorigui, the...
in more extreme cases. Vinegar is found on some Australian beaches as it is said to lessen the pain. The stonefish is the most venomous known fishin...
review in conception and implementation, and in many jurisdictions use of anesthesia is legally mandated for any surgery likely to cause pain to any vertebrate...
food fish that is consumed worldwide. As an oily fish, it is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. The flesh of mackerel spoils quickly, especially in the...
saltwater forage fishin the family Engraulidae that are used as human food and fish bait. There are 144 species in 17 genera found in the Atlantic, Indian...
associated with stress are quite high infish struggling against hook and line. The idea that fish do not feel painin their mouths has been studied at the...
his earlier fall. In October and November 2018, Barker was rushed to the hospital for severe back pain. Barker suffered another fall in January 2019, but...
Neuromas have been associated with phantom painin human amputees and have therefore been linked to chronic painin beak trimmed birds. If beak trimming is...
fish or shellfish dishes include marinated raw fish (soaked in a seasoned liquid) and raw fish which is lightly cured such as gravlax, but not fish which...
differentiate between the mere ability to perceive sensations, such as light or pain, and the ability to perceive emotions, such as fear or grief. The subjective...
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