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Model of evolutionary neurology proposed by Paul McLean
Model of MacLean's Triune Brain hypothesis.
The triune brain is a model of the evolution of the vertebrate forebrain and behavior, proposed by the American physician and neuroscientist Paul D. MacLean in the 1960s. The triune brain consists of the reptilian complex (basal ganglia), the paleomammalian complex (limbic system), and the neomammalian complex (neocortex), viewed each as independently conscious, and as structures sequentially added to the forebrain in the course of evolution. According to the model, the basal ganglia are in charge of primal instincts, the limbic system is in charge of emotions, and the neocortex is responsible for objective or rational thoughts.
Since the 1970s, the concept of the triune brain has been subject to criticism in evolutionary and developmental neuroscience[1] and is regarded as a myth.[2] Although it overlaps in some respects with contemporary understanding of the brain,[3] the triune brain hypothesis is no longer espoused by comparative neuroscientists in the post-2000 era[4] due to harsh criticism against it.[5]
MacLean originally formulated his model in the 1960s and propounded it at length in his 1990 book The Triune Brain in Evolution. The triune brain hypothesis became familiar to a broad popular audience through Carl Sagan's Pulitzer prize winning 1977 book The Dragons of Eden.
^Cesario, Joseph; Johnson, David J.; Eisthen, Heather L. (8 May 2020). "Your Brain Is Not an Onion With a Tiny Reptile Inside". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 29 (3): 255–260. doi:10.1177/0963721420917687. S2CID 218960531.
^Georg F. Striedter (2005). Principles of Brain Evolution. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-820-9.[page needed]
^Panksepp, J. (2003). Foreword to Cory, G. and Gardner, R. (2002) The Evolutionary Neuroethology of Paul MacLean: Convergences and Frontiers. ISBN 978-0-275-97219-6[page needed]
^Kiverstein, Julian; Miller, Mark (6 May 2015). "The embodied brain: towards a radical embodied cognitive neuroscience". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 9: 237. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00237. PMC 4422034. PMID 25999836. S2CID 17811190.
^Reiner, A. (1990). The triune brain in evolution: Role in paleocerebral functions. Science, 250(4978), 303-306.
The triunebrain is a model of the evolution of the vertebrate forebrain and behavior, proposed by the American physician and neuroscientist Paul D. MacLean...
known as Triune School, Triune, Tennessee, on the National Register of Historic Places Triunebrain theory Triune Kingdom, a historic term Triune Continuum...
1177/0963721420917687 Steffen PR, Hedges D, Matheson R. The Brain Is Adaptive Not Triune: How the Brain Responds to Threat, Challenge, and Change. Front Psychiatry...
coronal section of the human brain. 3D visualization of the brainstem in an average human brainTriunebrain - reptilian brain Haines, D; Mihailoff, G (2018)...
concept as the lizard brain, which was the deepest layer and one of three parts of his theory of the triunebrain. The triunebrain theory was then developed...
The neomammalian brain is one of three aspects of Paul MacLean's triune theory of the human brain. MacLean was an American physician and neuroscientist...
simplifying claims of the triunebrain theory which are no longer considered accurate due to the many exceptions to this rule (see Triunebrain § Status of the...
effortlessly release energy from a traumatic memory because human's triunebrain structure which, shaped by feelings and acumen, frequently supersedes...
research by Tiffany Field in mother/infant contact, Paul D. MacLean on the triunebrain (reptilian, limbic, and neocortex), and the work of G.W. Kraemer. Lewis...
two. The "triune theory of the brain" McLean, P. (2003) is one of several models used to theorize the organizational structure of the brain. The most...
triune ethics theory (TET) is a metatheory in the field of moral psychology, proposed by Darcia Narvaez and inspired by Paul MacLean's triunebrain model...
central concepts is that as the human triunebrain has evolved, it has retained and built upon earlier, more primitive brain structures. The head portion of...
2018) p. 45 E Smith, Social Psychology (Hove 2007) p. 493 D Maclean, The TriuneBrain in Evolution (London 1990) p. 460 D Morris, The Naked Ape Trilogy (London...
olfactory cortex, and amygdala. Paul MacLean once suggested, as part of his triunebrain theory, that the limbic structures constitute the neural basis of emotion...
BELBIC Intercalated cells of the amygdala List of regions in the human brainTriunebrain Amygdalotomy Amygdalohippocampectomy S.M. (patient) "Amygdala - Define...
the entire organism, including the brain, in which there is "fluid access" between the parts. Using the triunebrain work by Paul D. MacLean and adapting...
theory of Eric Bentley, Carl Jung's theory of archetypes, MacLean's triunebrain theory and Sabido's own soap opera theory for influencing his method...
drummer Bryan "Brain" Mantia. The album derives its track titles from the book's chapters.[citation needed] Brain-to-body mass ratio Triunebrain Campbell,...
Individual psychology Post-Freudianism Psychoanalysis Psychotherapy Triunebrain Šolc, Vladislav; Didier, George J. (2018-12-01). Dark Religion: Fundamentalism...
animal brain. In fact, some viewers quickly realized that the image of the human brain structure used in the show was the image of the Triunebrain, which...
opaque" prose style, as well as its extensive reliance on the model of the triunebrain as defined by Paul D. MacLean, a model that has been variously categorized...
and influence the behavior of a culture. Rapaille subscribes to the triunebrain theory of Paul D. MacLean, which describes three distinct brains: the...
to spirituality. Another view builds on the concept of the triunebrain: the reptilian brain, the limbic system, and the neocortex, proposed by Paul D...
include background information on how the brain is organized, drawn mainly from Paul D. MacLean's TriuneBrain theory. Cytowic describes MW's synesthesia...
Endurance running hypothesis Hunting hypothesis Mermaid Stoned ape theory Triunebrain Rhys-Evans P (2019). The Waterside Ape: An Alternative Account of Human...
different functions, an idea that resonates with the modern concept of the triunebrain (MacLean, 1970). He also reported the progresses of neuroscience from...
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