Signaling molecules produced in response to cell-population density
Autoinducers are signaling molecules that are produced in response to changes in cell-population density. As the density of quorum sensing bacterial cells increases so does the concentration of the autoinducer. Detection of signal molecules by bacteria acts as stimulation which leads to altered gene expression once the minimal threshold is reached.[1][2] Quorum sensing is a phenomenon that allows both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to sense one another and to regulate a wide variety of physiological activities. Such activities include symbiosis, virulence, motility, antibiotic production, and biofilm formation.[3] Autoinducers come in a number of different forms depending on the species, but the effect that they have is similar in many cases. Autoinducers allow bacteria to communicate both within and between different species. This communication alters gene expression and allows bacteria to mount coordinated responses to their environments, in a manner that is comparable to behavior and signaling in higher organisms. Not surprisingly, it has been suggested that quorum sensing may have been an important evolutionary milestone that ultimately gave rise to multicellular life forms.
^Davies, D.G., Parsek, M.R., Pearson, J.P., Iglewski, B.H., Costerton, J.W., Greenberg, E.P. (1998 April 10). The involvement of cell-to-cell signals in the development of a bacterial biofilm. Science. Retrieved from https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.280.5361.295.
Autoinducers are signaling molecules that are produced in response to changes in cell-population density. As the density of quorum sensing bacterial cells...
autocrine signaling: a cell produces both the autoinducer molecule and the receptor for the autoinducer. As one example, QS enables bacteria to restrict...
bacterium that uses a synthase (LuxI) to produce a species-specific autoinducer (AI) that binds a cognate receptor (LuxR) that regulates changes in expression...
production of an autoinducer, usually a small organic molecule, by individual cells. As cell populations increase, levels of autoinducers increase, and specific...
to as quorum sensing. Essentially, certain signaling molecules named autoinducers with specific bacterial receptors become activated when the population...
is responsible for the species-specific interaction with the 5’UTR of autoinducer synthase encoding mRNA sinI. The interaction negatively influences sinI...
Yuichiro; Ebisu, Shigeyuki; Kato, Akio (2006). "Characterization of autoinducer 2 signal in Eikenella corrodens and its role in biofilm formation". Journal...
leaving the compound dihydroxypentandione to spontaneously convert into autoinducer-2, which is excreted as a waste product or quorum signal. As an essential...
called an autoinducer, which was not identified until 1981. In 1985, Greenberg reported that, instead of a complex mechanism, the autoinducer simply passively...
bacteria to coordinate gene expression and to produce, release, and detect autoinducers or pheromones that accumulate with the growth in cell population. Classification...
infection. The mechanism of antagonism entails binding ApoB, to a S. aureus autoinducer pheromone, preventing signaling through its receptor. Mice deficient...
conclusion is twofold: When autoinducers are costly, any microbial strain that simultaneously produces both the autoinducer and mixed goods is unlikely...
or quorum sensing (QS) via the production of small molecules called autoinducers that are released into the external environment. These signals, when...
between V. cholerae and Ruminococcus obeum has been determined. R. obeum autoinducer represses the expression of several V. cholerae virulence factors. This...
Williams P, Cámara M (March 2011). "Quinolones: from antibiotics to autoinducers". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 35 (2): 247–274. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976...
sensing are called autoinducers, which are communicatory molecules that can induce conformist actions among a group. Specific autoinducers are used to influence...
to bacterial population densities by sensing a molecule, known as an autoinducer, that is produced by the bacterial cells at low levels and would build...
information about other species as well. This universal molecule is called autoinducer 2 or AI-2. AI-2 was first discovered in the light producing system of...
N-(3-oxo-octanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3OC8HSL) or the Agrobacterium autoinducer. This activates the transcription factor TraR, positively regulating...
(short hydrophobic peptides) that are quorum sensing pheromones a.k.a. autoinducers. The SHP's are translated to an immature form of the pheromone and must...
involves the secretion by individual cells of 'signaling' molecules, called autoinducers or pheromones. These bacteria also have a receptor that can specifically...
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