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Microorganisms engage in a wide variety of social interactions, including cooperation. A cooperative behavior is one that benefits an individual (the recipient) other than the one performing the behavior (the actor).[1] This article outlines the various forms of cooperative interactions (mutualism and altruism) seen in microbial systems, as well as the benefits that might have driven the evolution of these complex behaviors.
^West SA, Griffin AS, Gardner A. 2007. Social semantics: altruism, cooperation, mutualism, strong reciprocity and group selection. Eur. Soc. for Evol. Biol. 20:415–432.
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behaviors, including cooperation. A cooperative interaction benefits a recipient, and is selected for on that basis. In microbial systems, cells belonging...
single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from...
defined more precisely in 1988 by Whipps et al. as "a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonably well-defined habitat which has distinct...
it. Consequently, pyoverdine has become a model trait to study microbialcooperation and exploitation. In P. aeruginosa, pyoverdine non-producing “cheat”...
A microbial consortium or microbial community, is two or more bacterial or microbial groups living symbiotically. Consortiums can be endosymbiotic or ectosymbiotic...
animals, from simple life forms to humans, live in close association with microbial organisms. Several advances have driven the perception of microbiomes...
(limited irrigation), the increase in exopolysaccharide production and microbial activity affected water retention in the soil and field performance of...
The hydrothermal vent microbial community includes all unicellular organisms that live and reproduce in a chemically distinct area around hydrothermal...
includes Allorhizobium, Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Rhizobium. Though microbial inoculants can be beneficial for crops, they are not widely used in industrial...
Moreover, dispersal barriers are usually lower, allowing for faster microbial community shifts in marine holobionts. Secondly, phylogenetic diversity...
molecules in complex mixture, such as human plasma, plant extracts, foods, or microbial cultures. Retention time prediction increases the identification rate...
geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. Microbial mat fossils have been found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone in Western...
a brief process, the spermosphere is transient, but the impact of the microbial activity within the spermosphere can have strong and long-lasting effects...
stimulates microbial growth. As much as 25% of the primary production from phytoplankton in the global oceans may be recycled within the microbial loop through...
Microbial symbiosis in marine animals was not discovered until 1981. In the time following, symbiotic relationships between marine invertebrates and chemoautotrophic...
sequence information and is capable of detecting rare components of a microbial community. Current methods combining the removal of human and bacterial...