An antiknock agent is a gasoline additive used to reduce engine knocking and increase the fuel's octane rating by raising the temperature and pressure at which auto-ignition occurs. The mixture known as gasoline or petrol, when used in high compression internal combustion engines, has a tendency to knock (also called "pinging" or "pinking") and/or to ignite early before the correctly timed spark occurs (pre-ignition, refer to engine knocking).
Notable early antiknock agents, especially Tetraethyllead, added to gasoline included large amounts of toxic lead.[1][2] The chemical was responsible for global negative impacts on health, and the phase out of leaded gasoline from the 1970s onward was reported by the United Nations Environmental Programme to be responsible for "$2.4 trillion in annual benefits, 1.2 million fewer premature deaths, higher overall intelligence and 58 million fewer crimes."[3][4] Some other chemicals used as gasoline additives are thought to be less toxic.
^"Phase-out of leaded petrol brings huge health and cost benefits". UN News. 27 October 2011. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
^Tsai, P.L.; Hatfield, T.H. (December 2011). "Global Benefits From the Phaseout of Leaded Fuel" (PDF). Journal of Environmental Health. 74 (5): 8–14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-23. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
^"Phase-out of leaded petrol brings huge health and cost benefits". UN News. 27 October 2011. Archived from the original on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
^Tsai, P.L.; Hatfield, T.H. (December 2011). "Global Benefits From the Phaseout of Leaded Fuel" (PDF). Journal of Environmental Health. 74 (5): 8–14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-23. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
An antiknockagent is a gasoline additive used to reduce engine knocking and increase the fuel's octane rating by raising the temperature and pressure...
General Motors, was the first to discover its effectiveness as an antiknockagent in 1921, after spending several years attempting to find an additive...
solutions, e.g. phenols, ethanol, acetic acid. It has also been used as an antiknockagent. In the laboratory, diisopropyl ether is useful for recrystallizations...
stringent emission control regulations also resulted in the removal of the antiknockagent tetraethyl lead from automotive gasoline, to reduce lead in the air...
glioma cells. Triacetin can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknockagent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and...
other organic chemicals. In World War II, xylidine was an important antiknockagent in very high performance aviation gasolines. Its purpose was to permit...
methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, an antiknockagent in petrol. MMT is a commercially useful antiknock compound. CpCo(CO)2 is a catalyst for the...
"benzene" (e.g., the German word Benzin) can mean "petrol" or "gasoline". Antiknockagent More, Charles (20 June 2009). Black Gold: Britain and Oil in the Twentieth...
emission limits for NOx and PM. In 1922, lead was added to gasoline as an antiknockagent. It was not until 1969, nearly five decades later, that research began...
made the first one, Josi Puleo. Ferrocene and its derivatives are antiknockagents used in the fuel for petrol engines. They are safer than previously...
engineer for GM, discovered tetraethyllead (leaded gasoline) as an antiknockagent, and GM patented the compound because ethanol could not be patented...
has had the greatest impact is tetraethyllead, formerly used as an antiknockagent in gasoline intended for internal combustion engines. The most important...
Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT or MCMT) is an organomanganese compound with the formula (C5H4CH3)Mn(CO)3. Initially marketed as a supplement...
a research chemist at General Motors as part of a team researching antiknockagents. This led to the development of tetraethyllead, which was widely used...
formation. In Europe, iron pentacarbonyl was once used as an anti-knock agent in petrol in place of tetraethyllead; it was produced by IG Farben and commercially...
Examples include the historically important IrCl(CO)(P(C6H5)3)2 and the antiknockagent (CH3C5H4)Mn(CO)3. The parent compounds for many of these mixed ligand...
Polyetheramine (PEA); see also Techron Polyisobutyleneamine (PIBA) Antiknockagents Tetraethyllead (TEL), now banned almost everywhere for causing brain...
The MTBE controversy concerns Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a gasoline additive that replaced tetraethyllead. MTBE is an oxygenate and raises gasoline's...
exposure to lead was the addition of tetraethyllead to gasoline as an antiknockagent, a practice that originated in the United States in 1921. It was phased...
an important contract to manufacture monomethylaniline used as an antiknockagent in high octane aviation fuel. In 1941, a new aniline plant was built...
— Thomas Midgley Jr. discovers lead components to be an efficient antiknockagent in gasoline engines. In spite of the well known toxic effects, lead...
Alkylate is a premium gasoline blending stock because it has exceptional antiknock properties and is clean burning. Alkylate is also a key component of avgas...
the rich settings used for take-off and other full-power conditions. Antiknockagents such as tetraethyl lead (TEL) help to control detonation and provide...
and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl have been used as antiknockagents. Certain bent metallocenes of zirconium and hafnium are effective precatalysts...
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