Adrenalectomy (Latin root Ad "near/at" + renal "related to the kidneys" + Greek ‑ectomy “out-cutting”; sometimes written as ADX for the procedure or resulting state)[1][2] is the surgical removal of one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) adrenal glands. It is usually done to remove tumors of the adrenal glands that are producing excess hormones or is large in size (more than 2 inches or 4 to 5 centimeters). Adrenalectomy can also be done to remove a cancerous tumor of the adrenal glands, or cancer that has spread from another location, such as the kidney or lung. Adrenalectomy is not performed on those who have severe coagulopathy or whose heart and lungs are too weak to undergo surgery. The procedure can be performed using an open incision (laparotomy) or minimally invasive laparoscopic or robot-assisted techniques.[3] Minimally invasive techniques are increasingly the gold standard of care due to shorter length of stay in the hospital, lower blood loss, and similar complication rates.[3][4]
Diagram showing the position of the adrenal glands
One adrenal gland sits above each kidney. The two adrenal glands produce hormones (steroid hormones and catecholamines) that help regulate blood pressure, blood sugar level, metabolism, immune system, stress and other essential functions. If one adrenal gland is removed, the other adrenal gland will take over the hormone-producing role. If both adrenal glands are removed, the patient will require lifelong steroid supplementation.[5]
^Gemmill ME, Eskay RL, Hall NL, Douglass LW, Castonguay TW (February 2003). "Leptin suppresses food intake and body weight in corticosterone-replaced adrenalectomized rats". The Journal of Nutrition. 133 (2): 504–509. doi:10.1093/jn/133.2.504. PMID 12566491. Some of these effects are reportedly enhanced in bilaterally adrenalectomized (ADX) rats.
^Reincke M, Albani A, Assie G, Bancos I, Brue T, Buchfelder M, et al. (March 2021). "Corticotroph tumor progression after bilateral adrenalectomy (Nelson's syndrome): systematic review and expert consensus recommendations". European Journal of Endocrinology. 184 (3): P1–P16. doi:10.1530/EJE-20-1088. PMC 8060870. PMID 33444221.
^ abHeger P, Probst P, Hüttner FJ, Gooßen K, Proctor T, Müller-Stich BP, et al. (November 2017). "Evaluation of Open and Minimally Invasive Adrenalectomy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis". World Journal of Surgery. 41 (11): 2746–2757. doi:10.1007/s00268-017-4095-3. PMID 28634842. S2CID 4729192.
^Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Li AY, Dream S (2022). "Adrenalectomy". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32644519. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
Adrenalectomy (Latin root Ad "near/at" + renal "related to the kidneys" + Greek ‑ectomy “out-cutting”; sometimes written as ADX for the procedure or resulting...
underwent a cortical-sparing adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma, there was no decreased survival compared to their total adrenalectomy counterparts. Arguably...
retroperotenial adrenalectomy and laporoscopic transperitoenal adrenelectomy in different types of adrenal tumors. Laparoscopic retroperotenial adrenalectomy appeared...
number of neurons that use adrenaline as a neurotransmitter. Following adrenalectomy, adrenaline disappears below the detection limit in the bloodstream...
treat tertiary hyperparathyroidism arising from chronic kidney failure. Adrenalectomy, the surgical removal of the adrenal gland, is performed to treat conditions...
lymph nodes dissection for MTC, unilateral adrenalectomy for unilateral pheochromocytoma or bilateral adrenalectomy when both glands are involved and selective...
abdominal CT scanning and pituitary fossa MRI show no clear abnormalities, adrenalectomy may be performed. After diagnosis, it is important for patients to be...
sulfate and testosterone. She was managed successfully with right adrenalectomy, and the tumor histology was consistent with adrenal oncocytoma. Santos-Silva...
or for control of residual disease persisting post-operatively (TSS, adrenalectomy). It is not for long term definitive treatment/cure, only as an adjunct...
retroperotenial adrenalectomy and laporoscopic transperitoenal adrenelectomy in different types of adrenal tumors. Laparoscopic retroperotenial adrenalectomy appeared...
mildly elevated, whereas significant decreases of LTP are observed after adrenalectomy (low-glucocorticoid state) or after exogenous glucocorticoid administration...
A 2018 systematic review suggests that laparoscopic retroperotenial adrenalectomy appears to reduce late morbidity, time to oral fluid or food intake...
hyperaldosteronism due to unilateral aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma, adrenalectomy should be preferred instead of antimineralocorticoids. Spironolactone...
the hippocampus. Studies have shown that corticosterone treatment and adrenalectomy reduces or upregulated hippocampal BDNF expression. Consistent between...
mechanisms to regulate them. Obesity in rats was significantly reduced by adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy. A study showed that neuropeptide Y can be used as...
pineocytoma or a pineal gland cyst has become life-threatening.[citation needed] Hypophysectomy Thyroidectomy Adrenalectomy List of surgeries by type v t e...
"Livedo Reticularis in a Patient with Pheochromocytoma Resolving After Adrenalectomy". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 98 (2): 439–40...
In people with a single benign tumor (adenoma), surgical removal (adrenalectomy) may be curative. This is usually performed laparoscopically, through...
hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, and adrenal remnants following total adrenalectomy. Elks J (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data:...
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