For the album by Bill Ryder-Jones, see Yawn (album).
"Yawning" redirects here. For the fish species, see Yawning (fish).
Yawn
A yawning koala
Organisms
Vertebrates
Biological system
Nervous system
Health
Unaffected or beneficial
Action
Involuntary
Stimuli
Fatigue
Boredom
Stress
Sleepiness
Others mirror neuron reflex
Method
Complete extension of jaw, inhalation, eyes close, stretching of the eardrum, exhalation
Duration
Usually 6 seconds[1]
A yawn is a reflex in vertebrate animals characterized by a long inspiratory phase with gradual mouth gaping, followed by a brief climax (or acme) with muscle stretching, and a rapid expiratory phase with muscle relaxation, which typically lasts a few seconds.[2][3] For fish and birds, this is described as gradual mouth gaping, staying open for at least 3 seconds and subsequently a rapid closure of the mouth.[4] Almost all vertebrate animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and even fish, experience yawning. The study of yawning is called chasmology.[5][6][7]
Yawning (oscitation) most often occurs in adults immediately before and after sleep, during tedious activities and as a result of its contagious quality.[8] It is commonly associated with tiredness, stress, sleepiness, boredom, or even hunger. In humans, yawning is often triggered by the perception that others are yawning (for example, seeing a person yawning, or talking to someone on the phone who is yawning). This is a typical example of positive feedback.[9] This "contagious" yawning has also been observed in chimpanzees, dogs, cats, birds, and reptiles and can occur between members of different species.[10][11][12] Approximately twenty psychological reasons for yawning have been proposed by scholars but there is little agreement on the primacy of any one.[8]
During a yawn, muscles around the airway are fully stretched, including chewing and swallowing muscles.[13] Due to these strong repositioning muscle movements, the airway (lungs and throat) dilates to three or four times its original size.[14][15] The tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear contracts, which creates a rumbling noise perceived as coming from within the head; however, the noise is due to mechanical disturbance of the hearing apparatus and is not generated by the motion of air. Yawning is sometimes accompanied, in humans and other animals, by an instinctive act of stretching several parts of the body including the arms, neck, shoulders and back.
^Underwood, Emily (4 October 2016). "The bigger your brain, the longer you yawn". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aah7379.
^Provine, RR (1986). "Yawning as a stereotyped action pattern and releasing stimulus". Ethology. 72 (2): 109–122. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1986.tb00611.x.
^Baenninger, R (1987). "Some comparative aspects of yawning in Betta splendens, Homo sapiens, Panthera leo, and Papio sphinx". J Comp Psychol. 101 (4): 349. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.101.4.349.
^Seuntjens, Wolter (2010). "The Hidden Sexuality of the Yawn and the Future of Chasmology". The Mystery of Yawning in Physiology and Disease. Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience. Vol. 28. pp. 55–62. doi:10.1159/000307081. ISBN 978-3-8055-9404-2. PMID 20357463.
^Mikami, Akichika (January 2011). "Olivier Walusinski (Ed.): The Mystery of Yawning in Physiology and Disease: Karger, Basel, 2010, 160 pp". Primates. 52 (1): 97–99. doi:10.1007/s10329-010-0222-6. S2CID 16749981.
^Teive, Hélio A. G.; Munhoz, Renato P.; Camargo, Carlos Henrique F.; Walusinski, Olivier (July 2018). "Yawning in neurology: a review". Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. 76 (7): 473–480. doi:10.1590/0004-282X20180057. PMID 30066799. S2CID 51890021.
^ abAnderson, James R.; Meno, Pauline (2003). "Psychological Influences on Yawning in Children". Current Psychology Letters. 2 (11). Archived from the original on 2013-05-29. Retrieved 2012-05-15.
^Camazine, Deneubourg, Franks, Sneyd, Theraulaz, Bonabeau, Self-Organization in Biological Systems, Princeton University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-691-11624-5, ISBN 0-691-01211-3 (pbk.) p. 18.
^Shepherd, Alex J.; Senju, Atsushi; Joly-Mascheroni, Ramiro M. (2008). "Dogs catch human yawns". Biology Letters. 4 (5): 446–8. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0333. PMC 2610100. PMID 18682357.
^Madsen, Elanie E.; Persson, Tomas; Sayehli, Susan; Lenninger, Sara; Sonesson, Göran (October 16, 2013). "Chimpanzees Show a Developmental Increase in Susceptibility to Contagious Yawning: A Test of the Effect of Ontogeny and Emotional Closeness on Yawn Contagion". PLOS ONE. 8 (10): e76266. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...876266M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076266. PMC 3797813. PMID 24146848.
^"Chimps find human yawn contagious, but is it monkey see, monkey do?". Los Angeles Times. October 16, 2013.
^Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Baenninger, R. (1997-06-01). "On yawning and its functions". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 4 (2): 198–207. doi:10.3758/BF03209394. PMID 21331826. S2CID 18001020.
^Barbizet, J. (1958-08-01). "Yawning". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 21 (3): 203–209. doi:10.1136/jnnp.21.3.203. PMC 497319. PMID 13576171.
A yawn is a reflex in vertebrate animals characterized by a long inspiratory phase with gradual mouth gaping, followed by a brief climax (or acme) with...
Yawning Man is an American experimental rock band from La Quinta, California. The band originally formed in 1986, although they released no studio recordings...
Yawning Heights (Russian: Зияющие Высоты, romanized: Ziyayushchiye Vysoty) is the first published novel by Soviet philosopher Alexander Zinoviev. Zinoviev...
Morning Yawn is a 1913 painting by the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch. The painting shows a nude woman sitting on the edge of her bed and yawning. List of...
Aaron Coyne, known professionally as Yawning Chasm, is an Irish alternative folk singer-songwriter from County Galway. Coyne was one half of the Galway...
Filet mignon (/ˌfiːleɪ ˈmiːnjɒ̃/; French: [filɛ miɲɔ̃]; lit. '"delicate, fine or cute fillet"') is a cut of meat taken from the smaller end of the tenderloin...
Yawn Mower are an American rock band from Asbury Park, New Jersey. Yawn Mower are a rock duo from Asbury Park, New Jersey that formed in 2015. While in...
Yawning Sons is a British–American collaborative musical project formed in 2008 by members of the psychedelic rock bands Yawning Man and Sons of Alpha...
Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up) is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes...
The Nolan School of Hotel Administration (SHA, more commonly known as the Hotel School) at Cornell University is a specialized business school in the SC...
Yawning Glacier is in North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington, on the east slopes of Magic Mountain. Yawning Glacier descends from...
(Mescalero-Chiricahua: Goyaałé, Athapascan pronunciation: [kòjàːɬɛ́], lit. 'the one who yawns'; June 16, 1829 – February 17, 1909) was a military leader and medicine...
the UK", with such phrases as "chunder", "liquid laugh" and "technicolour yawn" all becoming well known as a result. The origins of some of the words are...
Poromitra oscitans, the yawning, is a fish of the family Melamphaidae, found in tropical and subtropical waters of the indo-Pacific region. It grows to...
the Yawning Portal is an adventure module anthology for the 5th edition of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. Tales from the Yawning Portal...
Chinese: 區偉鵬; pinyin: Ōu Wěi Péng) also known by his Internet pseudonym as Yawning Bread, is an advocate of LGBT rights in Singapore. Au is a blogger and...
collective founded in 2018 in Seoul. The group consists of director San Yawn, rapper Omega Sapien, DJ Abyss, music video directors Jan'Qui and Leesuho...
Dumplings". iTunes. 21 September 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018. "Technicolor Yawn (Remixes) - EP by The Dumplings". iTunes. July 2014. Retrieved 16 November...
Alabama. He was the son of Greenbury Yawn and Melinda (Yawn) Yawn. He was the only son of five children. Yawn attended the rural schools of Covington...
Get to the Boat is the debut studio EP from the American rock band Yawn Mower, released in May 2016. The five-track EP was self-released on compact disc...
to attempt to open the Eustachian tubes by swallowing a few times, or yawning, or by using the Valsalva technique of breathing a minimal amount of air...
The Yawn of the New Age is the debut album by the Norwegian electronic/noise/avant-garde metal artist Zweizz. All music and lyrics are created by Svein...
Radical 76 or radical lack (欠部) meaning "owe", "lack", or "yawn" is one of the 34 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 4 strokes. In the...
head Play bow Walking slowly Freezing Sitting down Walking in a curve Yawning "Smiling" Wagging the tail Urinating Soft face Fiddling Lying down Play...
received acclaim from critics. The album was produced by Ryder-Jones at his Yawn studio in West Kirby, England. Its title translates as "good health" in Welsh...
Global Information