Human natural killer cell, colorized scanning electron micrograph
Details
System
Immune system
Function
Cytotoxic lymphocyte
Anatomical terms of microanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
An adaptive natural killer (NK) cell or memory-like NK cell is a specialized natural killer cell that has the potential to form immunological memory.[1][2]
They can be distinguished from cytotoxic NK (cNK) cells by their receptor expression profile and epigenome.[3]
Adaptive NK cells are so named for properties which they share with the adaptive immune system. Though adaptive NK cells do not possess antigen specificity, they exhibit dynamic expansions of defined cell subsets, increased proliferation and long-term persistence for up to 3 months in vivo, high IFN-γ production, potent cytotoxic activity upon ex vivo restimulation, and protective memory responses.[4][5][6]
Adaptive NK cells have been identified in both humans and mice.[1] Persistent adaptive NK populations have been reported during viral infection, contact hypersensitivity reactions, and after stimulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines or activating receptor pathways.[6] IL-12, IL-18, and IL-15 contribute to the development of adaptive NK cells by priming NK cells prior to immune stimulation.[6]
^ abFreud AG, Mundy-Bosse BL, Yu J, Caligiuri MA (November 2017). "The Broad Spectrum of Human Natural Killer Cell Diversity". Immunity. 47 (5): 820–833. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.10.008. PMC 5728700. PMID 29166586.
^Hammer Q, Romagnani C (Nov 30, 2016). About Training and Memory: NK-Cell Adaptation to Viral Infections. Advances in Immunology. Vol. 133. pp. 171–207. doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2016.10.001. PMID 28215279.
^Schlums H, Cichocki F, Tesi B, Theorell J, Beziat V, Holmes TD, et al. (March 2015). "Cytomegalovirus infection drives adaptive epigenetic diversification of NK cells with altered signaling and effector function". Immunity. 42 (3): 443–56. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.02.008. PMC 4612277. PMID 25786176.
^Béziat V, Liu LL, Malmberg JA, Ivarsson MA, Sohlberg E, Björklund AT, et al. (April 2013). "NK cell responses to cytomegalovirus infection lead to stable imprints in the human KIR repertoire and involve activating KIRs". Blood. 121 (14): 2678–88. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-10-459545. PMC 3617633. PMID 23325834.
^ abcPahl JH, Cerwenka A, Ni J (2018). "Memory-Like NK Cells: Remembering a Previous Activation by Cytokines and NK Cell Receptors". Frontiers in Immunology. 9: 2796. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02796. PMC 6279934. PMID 30546366.
An adaptive natural killer (NK) cell or memory-like NKcell is a specialized natural killer cell that has the potential to form immunological memory....
in the vertebrate adaptive immune response. NKcells provide rapid responses to virus-infected cells, stressed cells, tumor cells, and other intracellular...
categories of pathogen, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to each particular pathogen the body has encountered. Adaptive immunity creates immunological...
molecules, and the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune cells. ILCs are primarily tissue resident cells, found in both lymphoid (immune associated)...
cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. Lymphocytes include T cells (for cell-mediated and cytotoxic adaptive immunity), B cells (for...
organs, tissues, blood and lymph, by specialized white blood cells activate the adaptive immune system through antigen presentation act as a physical...
the adaptive immune system. The boundaries between autoinflammation (overactivity of the innate immunity), autoimmunity (overactivity of the adaptive immunity)...
of IR have sensor (ILCs, NKcells), adaptive (T and B cells), and effector (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells) parts. Sompayrac, Lauren...
cells such as neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells This provides further evidence that the biology of γδ T cells spans both innate and adaptive...
T cells are one of the important types of white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can...
involving NKcells looks more like classic immunological memory, because there is development of at least partially-specific clones of NKcells. These cells have...
first described in NKcells but it is also expressed in monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, and T cells. The receptor is composed...
Buccella F, Artico M, Papa S, Zamai L (2016). "The Memories of NKCells: Innate-Adaptive Immune Intrinsic Crosstalk". Journal of Immunology Research. 2016:...
(CD159c). Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation...
on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system. They act as messengers between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Dendritic cells are present...
complement system, independently of the adaptive immune response, is able to opsonize pathogen before adaptive immunity may even be required. Complement...
more closely related to T cells (part of the adaptive immune system) than to other cells of the innate immune system. NKcells not only share many surface...
the same antigen. The adaptive immune system and antigen-specific receptor generation (TCR, antibodies) are responsible for adaptive immune memory.[citation...
diseases of lymphoid cells (i.e., B cells, T cells, NKcells, and histiocytic-dendritic cells) in which one or more of these cell types is infected with...
NKcells but also on other immune cells (some CD8+ and CD3+ T lymphocytes, intestinal epithelial lymphocytes (IELs), NKT cells, uterine NKcells (uNK)...
and adaptive immunity. Type II IFN is primarily secreted by adaptive immune cells, more specifically CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells, natural killer (NK) cells...
T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of T cell that play an important role in the adaptive immune system...
immunodeficient described to date. NSG branded mice lack mature T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. NSG branded mice are also deficient in multiple cytokine...
into helper T cells, memory T cells, cytotoxic T cells), B cells (subdivided into plasma cells and memory B cells), and natural killer cells. Historically...
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