Mao Zedong (as Chairman of the People's Central Government of People's Republic of China) Himself (as Premier of Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government)
Succeeded by
Hua Guofeng
1st Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
In office 1 October 1949 – 11 February 1958
Premier
Himself
Preceded by
Hu Shih (as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China)
Succeeded by
Chen Yi
First Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
In office 30 August 1973 – 8 January 1976
Chairman
Mao Zedong
Preceded by
Lin Biao (1971)
Succeeded by
Hua Guofeng
Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
In office 28 September 1956 – 1 August 1966
Chairman
Mao Zedong
2nd Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
In office December 1954 – 8 January 1976
Honorary Chairman
Mao Zedong
Preceded by
Mao Zedong
Succeeded by
Vacant (1976–1978) Deng Xiaoping
Succeeded by
Himself (as Premier of the People's Republic of China)
Personal details
Born
(1898-03-05)5 March 1898 Huai'an, Jiangsu, Qing Empire
Died
8 January 1976(1976-01-08) (aged 77) Beijing, China
Political party
Chinese Communist Party (1921–1976)
Other political affiliations
Kuomintang (1923–1927)
Spouse
Deng Yingchao
(m. 1925)
Children
Sun Weishi, Wang Shu (both adopted)[1][2]
Education
Nankai Middle School
Alma mater
Nankai University
Signature
Website
zhouenlai.people.cn
Military service
Branch/service
National Revolutionary Army (1937–1945) Chinese Red Army People's Liberation Army
Rank
Lieutenant General of the National Revolutionary Army
Battles/wars
Northern Expeditions
Nanchang Uprising
Encirclement Campaigns
Second Sino-Japanese War
Chinese Civil War
Zhou Enlai's voice
Zhou during an interview with CBS Recorded 1965
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese
周恩来
Traditional Chinese
周恩來
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Zhōu Ēnlái
Gwoyeu Romatzyh
Jou Enlai
Wade–Giles
Chou1 Ên1-lai2
IPA
[ʈʂóʊ ə́nlǎɪ]
Wu
Suzhounese
Tseu En-le
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Jāu Yān-lòih
Jyutping
Zau1 Jan1-loi4
IPA
[tsɐu˥ jɐn˥ lɔːi˩]
Courtesy name
Chinese
翔宇
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Xiángyǔ
Wade–Giles
Hsiang2-yü3
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping
Coeng4-jyu5
Zhou Enlai (Chinese: 周恩来; pinyin: Zhōu Ēnlái; Wade–Giles: Chou1 Ên1-lai2; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman, diplomat, and revolutionary who served as the first Premier of the People's Republic of China from September 1954 until his death in January 1976. Zhou served under Chairman Mao Zedong and aided the Communist Party in rising to power, later helping consolidate its control, form its foreign policy, and develop the Chinese economy.
As a diplomat, Zhou served as the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958. Advocating peaceful coexistence with the West after the Korean War, he participated in the 1954 Geneva Conference and the 1955 Bandung Conference and helped orchestrate Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. He helped devise policies regarding disputes with the United States, Taiwan, the Soviet Union (after 1960), India, Korea, and Vietnam.
Zhou survived the purges of other top officials during the Cultural Revolution. While Mao dedicated most of his later years to political struggle and ideological work, Zhou was one of the main driving forces behind the affairs of state during much of the Cultural Revolution. His attempts at mitigating the Red Guards' damage and his efforts to protect others from their wrath made him immensely popular in the Cultural Revolution's later stages.
Mao's health began to decline in 1971, and Lin Biao fell into disgrace and later died in a plane crash. Amid these events, Zhou was elected to the vacant position of First Vice Chairman of the Communist Party by the 10th Central Committee in 1973 and thereby designated as Mao's successor (the third person to be so designated after Liu Shaoqi and Lin Biao), but still struggled internally against the Gang of Four over leadership of China. His last major public appearance was at the first meeting of the 4th National People's Congress on 13 January 1975, where he presented the government work report. He then fell out of the public eye for medical treatment and died one year later. The massive public outpouring of grief which his death provoked in Beijing turned to anger at the Gang of Four, leading to the 1976 Tiananmen Incident. Although Zhou was succeeded by Hua Guofeng as First Vice Chairman and designated successor, Zhou's ally Deng Xiaoping was able to outmaneuver the Gang of Four politically and took Hua's place as paramount leader by 1978.
^周恩來的一個鮮為人知的義子王戍. People.com.cn (Renminwang) (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
^李鵬新書:有人傳我是周總理養子這不正確. Xinhua News Zhejiang (in Chinese (China)). 30 June 2014. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014.
ZhouEnlai (Chinese: 周恩来; pinyin: ZhōuĒnlái; Wade–Giles: Chou1 Ên1-lai2; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman, diplomat, and revolutionary...
The explosion was an assassination attempt targeting Chinese Premier ZhouEnlai, who missed the flight either due to a medical emergency or, as one historian...
The Story of ZhouEnlai (Chinese: 周恩来的四个昼夜) is a 2013 Chinese Historical drama film written by Tian Yunzhang and Jiang Yue and directed by Chen Li. Based...
Secretary-General under Chairman Mao Zedong, and Vice Premier under Premier ZhouEnlai during the 1950s, Deng presided over Mao's Anti-Rightist Campaign and...
The Former Residence of ZhouEnlai can refer to any of the following places which ZhouEnlai, the Premier of the People's Republic of China had lived in...
Ruijin, as the first member of the Chinese Soviet Republic. December 1931: ZhouEnlai arrives in Ruijin, replacing Mao as political commissar of the Red Army...
At Whampoa, Lin also studied under ZhouEnlai, who was eight years older than Lin. Lin had no contact with Zhou after their time in Whampoa, until they...
headquarters" and attack armed forces loyal to Mao. After hearing that Premier ZhouEnlai was investigating the incident, they abandoned this plan as impractical...
Movement of 1925, Chen was an important organizer under ZhouEnlai and Liu Shaoqi. For a time, Zhou and Yun resided at a Church of Christ in Changting which...
strong resistance within the CCP from members such as Zhang Guotao and ZhouEnlai. They were assigned insignificant positions. Meanwhile, Wang found comfort...
However, Chen Boda did not chair the CRG's meetings - that task fell to ZhouEnlai, who held a position of control over the group, and could speak on behalf...
government, party, and the military after the deaths of Mao and Premier ZhouEnlai, but was gradually forced out of supreme power by a coalition of party...
power was diminished, as his control of the Red Army was allocated to ZhouEnlai. Meanwhile, Mao recovered from tuberculosis. The KMT armies adopted a...
leaders. Military forces in Nanchang under the leadership of He Long and ZhouEnlai rebelled in an attempt to seize control of the city after the end of the...
post which had previously been held by ZhouEnlai. After transferring his military responsibilities to Peng, Zhou focused his efforts on devising China's...
ZhouEnlai and was expelled from Germany for his role in a number of student protests. Around this time he joined the Chinese Communist Party; Zhou Enlai...
dominated by internal chaos. Between 1975 and 1976, PSC members Kang Sheng, ZhouEnlai, Zhu De, and Mao all died. Deng Xiaoping was purged. During this time...
People's Volunteer Army for the first half of the war (though Mao and ZhouEnlai were technically more senior). Peng's experiences in the Korean War convinced...
present in the academy, and many of them became instructors, including ZhouEnlai, who was made a political instructor. Communist members were allowed to...
famous graduate of Nankai High School was ZhouEnlai, the first Premier of the People's Republic of China. Zhou's skill in literature and composition won...
killed by the Kuomintang (KMT) in 1927, and Sun was eventually adopted by ZhouEnlai, who later became the first premier of the People's Republic of China...
Mao's policies against those who were more critical, such as Chen Yun and ZhouEnlai. As a result, Liu gained influence within the party. In April 1959, he...
My Uncle ZhouEnlai (Chinese: 海棠依旧) is a 2016 Chinese historical biographical television series directed by Chen Li and written by Zhang Fachun, starring...
conference, ZhouEnlai signed an agreement on dual nationality with Indonesian foreign minister Sunario. World observers closely watched Zhou. He downplayed...
the countryside. Second, it prompted the Chinese leadership, especially ZhouEnlai, to speed up grain exports to secure more foreign currency to purchase...