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Liu Shaoqi
刘少奇
2nd Chairman of the People's Republic of China
In office 27 April 1959 – 31 October 1968
Premier
Zhou Enlai
Vice President
Dong Biwu and Soong Ching-ling
Leader
Mao Zedong (Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party)
Preceded by
Mao Zedong
Succeeded by
Dong Biwu and Soong Ching-ling (acting)
1st Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
In office 15 September 1954 – 28 April 1959
Preceded by
Position established
Succeeded by
Zhu De
Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
In office 28 September 1956 – 1 August 1966
Chairman
Mao Zedong
Preceded by
Position established
Succeeded by
Lin Biao
Delegate to the National People's Congress
In office 15 September 1954 – 21 October 1968
Constituency
Beijing At-large
Personal details
Born
(1898-11-24)24 November 1898 Ningxiang, Hunan, Qing dynasty
Died
12 November 1969(1969-11-12) (aged 70) Kaifeng, Henan, People’s Republic of China
Political party
Chinese Communist Party (1921–1968)
Spouses
He Baozhen
(m. 1923; died 1934)
Xie Fei
(m. 1935; div. 1940)
Wang Qian
(m. 1942; div. 1943)
Wang Guangmei
(m. 1948–1969)
Children
9 (including Liu Yunbin and Liu Yuan)
Liu Shaoqi
Simplified Chinese
刘少奇
Traditional Chinese
劉少奇
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Liú Shàoqí
Gwoyeu Romatzyh
Liou Shawchyi
Wade–Giles
Liu2 Shao4-ch'i2
IPA
[ljǒʊ ʂâʊtɕʰǐ]
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping
Lau4 Siu2-kei4
Liu Shaoqi (pronounced[ljǒʊ ʂâʊtɕʰǐ]; 24 November 1898 – 12 November 1969) was a Chinese revolutionary and politician. He was the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1954 to 1959, first-ranking vice chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from 1956 to 1966, and the chairman of the People's Republic of China, the head of state from 1959 to 1968. He was considered to be a possible successor to Mao Zedong, but was purged during the Cultural Revolution.
In his early years, Liu participated in labor movements in strikes, including the May Thirtieth Movement. After the Chinese Civil War began in 1927, he was assigned by the CCP to work in Shanghai and Northeast China, and travelled to the Jiangxi Soviet in 1932. He participated in the Long March, and was appointed as the Party Secretary in North China in 1936 to lead anti-Japanese resistance efforts in the area. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Liu led the CCP's Central Plains Bureau. After the New Fourth Army incident in 1941, Liu became a political commissar of the New Fourth Army. After Liu returned to Yan'an in 1943, he became a secretary of the CCP Secretariat and a vice chairman of the Central Military Commission.
After the proclamation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Liu became a vice chairman of the Central People's Government. After the establishment of the National People's Congress in 1954, Liu was elected as the chairman of its Standing Committee. In 1959, he succeeded Mao Zedong as the chairman of the People's Republic of China. During his chairmanship, he implemented policies of economic reconstruction in China, especially after the Seven Thousand Cadres Conference in 1962. Liu was publicly named as Mao's chosen successor in 1961. However, he was criticized and then purged by Mao soon after the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, eventually being arrested and imprisoned in 1967. He was forced out of public life and was labelled the "commander of China's bourgeoisie headquarters", China's foremost "capitalist-roader", and a traitor to the revolution. He died in prison in 1969 due to complications from diabetes. Liu was widely condemned in the years following his death until he was posthumously rehabilitated by Deng Xiaoping's government in 1980, as part of the Boluan Fanzheng period. Deng's government granted Liu a national memorial service.
LiuShaoqi (pronounced [ljǒʊ ʂâʊtɕʰǐ]; 24 November 1898 – 12 November 1969) was a Chinese revolutionary and politician. He was the chairman of the Standing...
were persecuted, including senior officials: most notably, president LiuShaoqi, as well as Deng Xiaoping, Peng Dehuai, and He Long. Millions were persecuted...
semi-retired role, leaving future responsibilities to Chinese President LiuShaoqi and Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping. The Conference took place in Beijing,...
was transferred to LiuShaoqi. Mao was eventually forced to abandon the policy in 1962, and he lost political power to LiuShaoqi and Deng Xiaoping. The...
the factionalism already emerging in the Red Guard movement, President LiuShaoqi made the decision in early June 1966 to send in Chinese Communist Party...
China LiuShaoqi. Liu was born on 1925 in Anyuan District of Pingxiang to LiuShaoqi and He Baozhen. When he was two years old, he was sent back to Liu Shaoqi's...
designated as Mao's successor (the third person to be so designated after LiuShaoqi and Lin Biao), but still struggled internally against the Gang of Four...
life. Peng lived in virtual obscurity until 1965, when the reformers LiuShaoqi and Deng Xiaoping supported Peng's limited return to government, developing...
(1887—1967), 11th Republic-era mayor of Beijing LiuShaoqi, 2nd President of the People's Republic of China Liu Bocheng, a Chinese military commander in 20th...
ceded day-to-day leadership to pragmatic moderates like Chinese President LiuShaoqi and Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping, and the CCP studied the damage that was...
launched by Mao in 1966 as part of his power struggle with leaders such as LiuShaoqi, Deng Xiaoping and Peng Zhen. Mao placed his wife Jiang Qing, a former...
Former Residence of LiuShaoqi or LiuShaoqi's Former Residence (simplified Chinese: 刘少奇故居; traditional Chinese: 劉少奇故居; pinyin: LiúShàoqí Gùjū) was built...
production. During the Seven Thousand Cadres Conference in early 1962, LiuShaoqi, then President of China, formally attributed 30% of the famine to natural...
normal operations, as many of its key members, such as Chinese President LiuShaoqi and Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping, fell out of favour with Chairman Mao....
grandfather was LiuShaoqi, the second president of the People's Republic of China. In 1957, following a request by LiuShaoqi, Liu Yunbin returned to...
Kuomintang authorities ordered Zhu to lead a force against Zhou Enlai and Liu Bocheng's Nanchang uprising. Having helped orchestrate the uprising, Zhu...
second-in-command, President LiuShaoqi, was denounced as a "capitalist roader" in 1966, Lin Biao emerged as the most likely candidate to replace Liu as Mao's successor...
October 2006) was a Chinese politician, philanthropist and the wife of LiuShaoqi, who served as the President of the People's Republic of China from 1959...
that this "big-character poster" directly targeted Chinese President LiuShaoqi and senior leader Deng Xiaoping, who were then in charge of the Chinese...
During the Cultural Revolution he was attacked as an ally of Peng and LiuShaoqi; he was rehabilitated by Deng Xiaoping after Mao's death. On 30 August...
initial storm of the Cultural Revolution came to an end when President LiuShaoqi was forced from all his posts on 13 October 1968. Lin Biao now became...
Education Movement, the relationship between Mao and Chinese President LiuShaoqi, Chairman Mao's potential successor, deteriorated. Some Chinese sources...
of the illness on May 6, 1967). Top officials in the country such as LiuShaoqi, Peng Dehuai, Tao Zhu were also widely "struggled against" and persecuted...
President LiuShaoqi. Lin was found to be primarily responsible for using "false evidence" to orchestrate a "political frame-up" of Liu. Lin has been...
and LiuShaoqi assumed the State Chairmanship, the State Chairman's workplace continued to be located in West Building. During this time, LiuShaoqi's office...
reported Mao's death to the Central Military Commission, but Zhou Enlai, LiuShaoqi, and Yang Shangkun ordered the CMC and Politburo not to inform Mao Zedong...
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