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In this Chinese name, the family name is Zhang.
Zhang Guotao
张国焘
Zhang in 1927
Born
26 November 1897
Pingxiang, Jiangxi, Qing Empire
Died
3 December 1979(1979-12-03) (aged 82)
Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
Spouse
Yang Zilie
Zhang Guotao
Traditional Chinese
張國燾
Simplified Chinese
张国焘
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Zhāng Guótāo
Wade–Giles
Chang Kuo-t'ao
Zhang Guotao (November 26, 1897 – December 3, 1979), or Chang Kuo-tao, was a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and rival to Mao Zedong. During the 1920s he studied in the Soviet Union and became a key contact with the Comintern, organizing the CCP labor movement in the United Front with the Kuomintang. From 1931 to 1932, after the Party had been driven from the cities, Zhang was placed in charge of the Eyuwan Soviet. When his armies were driven from the region, he joined the Long March but lost a contentious struggle for party leadership to Mao Zedong. Zhang's armies then took a different route from Mao's and were badly beaten by local Muslim Ma clique forces in Gansu. When his depleted forces finally arrived to join Mao in Yan'an, Zhang continued his losing challenge to Mao, and left the party in 1938. Zhang eventually retired to Canada, in 1968. He became a Christian shortly before his death in Scarborough, Ontario (a suburb of Toronto), in 1979. His memoirs provide valuable and vivid information on his life and party history.[1]
^"Chang Kuo-t'ao," Donald W. Klein, Anne B. Clark, Biographic Dictionary of Chinese Communism 1921–1965 (Cambridge, Mass., 1971), Volume I pp. 38–43.
ZhangGuotao (November 26, 1897 – December 3, 1979), or Chang Kuo-tao, was a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and rival to Mao Zedong...
redistributed land to poor and landless peasants. It was famously led by ZhangGuotao, a rival of Mao Zedong, who attempted to consolidate his control over...
worked with ZhangGuotao when he returned from Moscow and became Zhang's Commissar, but lost power and influence in the struggle between Zhang and Mao. Chen...
Army of ZhangGuotao (who had marched from the mountain ranges around Ma'anshan), and together proceeded to Maoerhkai and then Gansu. Zhang and Mao disagreed...
with Mao becoming Zhou's assistant. March: The Fourth Red Army under ZhangGuotao departs from its base on the Sichuan–Shaanxi border. 29 April–8 May:...
clique's "Tumen Blockade" and emerged victorious, entering into Mao County. ZhangGuotao, commander of the division, organized a meeting with the senior cadres...
However, they met strong resistance within the CCP from members such as ZhangGuotao and Zhou Enlai. They were assigned insignificant positions. Meanwhile...
Bolsheviks such as Zhang Wentian and Wang Jiaxiang for their support in Mao's later power struggle with Wang Ming and ZhangGuotao, and thus Mao gave...
came together and formed a group army. In the summer of 1931, General ZhangGuotao arrived at the Fourth Red Army's base area and took over the army. Most...
Zhu De were forced to do so. He met with forces led by ZhangGuotao, but he disagreed with Zhang about the strategy of the Red Army and led his forces...
In addition, the main KMT forces were preoccupied with annihilating ZhangGuotao's army, which was much larger than Mao's. The massive military retreat...
Jiaxing. The Congress elected Chen Duxiu as Secretary (in absentia), ZhangGuotao as Director of Organization, and Li Da as Director of Propaganda. The...
congress was hosted by Chen Duxiu, with participation from Li Dazhao, ZhangGuotao, Tan Pingshan, Cai Hesen, Chen Tanqiu, Luo Zhanglong, and Henk Sneevliet...
the congress were Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Chen Gongbo, Tan Pingshan, ZhangGuotao, He Mengxiong, Lou Zhanglong and Deng Zhongxia.[citation needed] Mao...
: 138 In 1936, Hu had joined an expeditionary force led by ZhangGuotao. The objective of Zhang's 21,800+ strong force, was to cross the Yellow River, to...
in Guangdong, joining the local communists. According to CCP leader ZhangGuotao, Neumann came to wield great influence on the committee and took a leading...
Chinese Red Army. Aiming to meet the other branch of Red Army led by ZhangGuotao and Xu Xiangqian in Sichuan, Mao's Red Army left Zunyi on January 19...
in Beijing, Li Dazhao and 19 other leading communists were executed by Zhang Zuolin. Angered by these events, the peasant movement supported by the CCP...
circumstances do that, and let no one ever again follow the example of ZhangGuotao), but they must fight for military power for the Party, for military...
unsuccessful in averting the public defection of ZhangGuotao, one of the founders of the CCP, to the KMT. Zhang was prepared to defect due to a disagreement...
Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023. "ZhangGuotao". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023...
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