"ɣ (IPA)" redirects here. For consonants followed by superscript ˠ, see Velarization. For the Greek letter gamma, see Gamma.
Voiced velar fricative
ɣ
IPA Number
141
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)
ɣ
Unicode (hex)
U+0263
X-SAMPA
G
Braille
Image
Preview warning: Page using Template:Infobox IPA with unknown parameter "kirshenbaum"
The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound that is used in various spoken languages. It is not found in most varieties of Modern English but existed in Old English.[1] The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɣ⟩, a Latinized variant of the Greek letter gamma, ⟨γ⟩, which has this sound in Modern Greek. It should not be confused with the graphically-similar ⟨ɤ⟩, the IPA symbol for a close-mid back unrounded vowel, which some writings[2] use for the voiced velar fricative.
The symbol ⟨ɣ⟩ is also sometimes used to represent the velar approximant, which, however, is more accurately written with the lowering diacritic: [ɣ̞] or [ɣ˕]. The IPA also provides a dedicated symbol for a velar approximant, [ɰ].
There is also a voiced post-velar fricative, also called pre-uvular, in some languages. For the voiced pre-velar fricative, also called post-palatal, see voiced palatal fricative.
A voiced velar tapped fricative has been reported in Dàgáárè, which is a previously unattested sound in human language.
^Baker, Peter Stuar (2012). Introduction to Old English (3rd ed.). pp. 15. ISBN 9781444354195. OCLC 778433078 – via Internet Archive. Between voiced sounds dotless g is pronounced [ɣ], a voiced velar spirant. This sound became [w] in Middle English, so English no longer has it.
^Such as Booij (1999) and Nowikow (2012).
and 26 Related for: Voiced velar fricative information
a velar approximant, [ɰ]. There is also a voiced post-velarfricative, also called pre-uvular, in some languages. For the voiced pre-velarfricative, also...
articulation of the prototypical voiced palatal fricative but not as back as the prototypical voicedvelarfricative. The International Phonetic Alphabet...
practice. For a voiced pre-uvular fricative (also called post-velar), see voicedvelarfricative. Features of the voiced uvular fricative: Its manner of...
The voicedvelar lateral fricative is a very rare consonantal sound that can be found in Archi, a Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, in which it...
of velar fricatives: Voicedvelarfricative, a consonant sound written as ⟨ɣ⟩ in the International Phonetic Alphabet Voiceless velarfricative, a consonant...
'The difference between an approximant version of the voicedvelarfricative [ɣ̞], and the velar semi-vowel [ɰ] is that the latter requires spread lips...
consonants. For example, in the Athabaskan language Hupa, voiceless velarfricatives distinguish three degrees of labialization, transcribed either /x/...
The voiced pharyngeal approximant or fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic...
other velar consonant is particularly common, even the [w] and [ŋ] that occur in English. There can be no phoneme /ɡ/ in a language that lacks voiced stops...
letter gamma represented a voicedvelar stop IPA: [ɡ]. In Modern Greek, this letter normally represents a voicedvelarfricative IPA: [ɣ], except before...
The voicedvelar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used as a distinct consonant in a very small number of spoken languages in the world...
voiceless velar lateral fricative is a rare speech sound. As one element of an affricate, it is found for example in Zulu and Xhosa (see velar lateral ejective...
The voiceless velarfricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. It was part of the consonant inventory of Old English and...
fricative articulated at the middle or front of the soft palate. For a voiceless pre-uvular fricative (also called post-velar), see voiceless velar fricative...
of the prototypical voiceless palatal fricative, though not as back as the prototypical voiceless velarfricative. The International Phonetic Alphabet...
This leads many languages of the world to have a voiced uvular fricative [ʁ] instead as the voiced counterpart of the voiceless uvular plosive. Examples...
opentail ⟨⟩ has always represented a voicedvelar plosive, while looptail ⟨⟩ represented a voicedvelarfricative from 1895 to 1900. In 1948, the Council...
The velar ejective fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents...
contrast the voiced and voiceless glottal fricatives. The two glottal fricatives pattern like plosives. Features of the voiced glottal fricative: Its phonation...
palatal fricatives are decently rare, especially the voiced palatal fricative. They occur more often as allophones, as in German's velarfricatives next...
Latin gamma may have serifs. Latin gamma is used to represent a voicedvelarfricative, in the International Phonetic Alphabet, and in the alphabets of...
U+02E4 is formally a superscript ⟨ʕ⟩ (U+0295 ʕ LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICEDFRICATIVE, = reversed glottal stop), and in the Unicode charts looks like a simple...
possible but do not seem to be used. See voiced alveolar tapped fricative, voiceless alveolar tapped fricative. List of phonetics topics Ladefoged, P....
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