Transmission of a symbiont from parent to offspring
Vertical transmission of symbionts is the transfer of a microbial symbiont from the parent directly to the offspring.[1] Many metazoan species carry symbiotic bacteria which play a mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic role.[1] A symbiont is acquired by a host via horizontal, vertical, or mixed transmission.[2]
^ abBright M, Bulgheresi S (March 2010). "A complex journey: transmission of microbial symbionts". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 8 (3): 218–230. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2262. PMC 2967712. PMID 20157340.
^Koga R, Bennett GM, Cryan JR, Moran NA (July 2013). "Evolutionary replacement of obligate symbionts in an ancient and diverse insect lineage". Environmental Microbiology. 15 (7): 2073–2081. Bibcode:2013EnvMi..15.2073K. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12121. PMID 23574391.
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Verticaltransmission of symbionts is the transfer of a microbial symbiont from the parent directly to the offspring. Many metazoan species carry symbiotic...
A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses that use mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission...
fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical contact) or by vertical disease transmission, passing the agent causing...
painful. Herpes in the newborn is a serious and sometimes fatal infection. Transmission of Hepatitis C and B to the infant can occur if the nipples are cracked...
transstadial transmission a type of horizontal transmission, whereas other sources consider it vertical or partial verticaltransmission. Transstadial...
leading to higher viremia and more severe forms of disease. Verticaltransmission, the transmission of a viral or bacterial disease from the female of the...
the risk of verticaltransmission to be 10.8% in HCV-positive, HIV-positive women. Other studies have found the risk of verticaltransmission to be as high...
cells as host cells divide. Horizontal, vertical, and mixed-mode (hybrid of horizonal and vertical) transmission are the three paths for symbiont transfer...
process, used by a wide variety of parasites, is also known as verticaltransmission. For example, Rickettsia rickettsii, carried within ticks, is passed...
transplantation, consuming food or drink contaminated with the parasites, and verticaltransmission (from a mother to her baby). Diagnosis of early disease is by finding...
reported for both verticaltransmission (18%, 6–36%, and 41%) and prevalence in children (15%). In developed countries, transmission around the time of...
mechanical shield to protect it from cellular immune responses. Verticaltransmission requires Wolbachia to reach germ line cells and maintain in the...
(2012). "Alphaherpesvirus axon-to-cell spread involves limited virion transmission". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (42). PNAS: 17046–17051...
parents to be born infected. This transmission of the disease down from the mother is referred to as verticaltransmission. The influx of additional members...
castration, and religious prostitution", which may have increased verticaltransmission of the parent religious memeplex. Similar memes are thereby included...
variable transmission (CVT) is an automated transmission that can change through a continuous range of gear ratios. This contrasts with other transmissions that...
eating an infected bird carcass or by drinking infected water. Verticaltransmission between female and offspring is possible in mosquitoes, and might...
factor for the development of GBS-EOD. GBS-EOD is acquired vertically (verticaltransmission), through exposure of the fetus or the baby to GBS from the...
to amniocentesis. There is an increased risk of mother-to-child (vertical) transmission of bloodborne infections in patients with hepatitis B, hepatitis...
evident, the risk of transmission is small; therefore, symptomatic individuals do not need to be isolated. Verticaltransmission from maternal infection...
high prevalence, verticaltransmission (usually occurring during birth) is most common, though rates of early childhood transmission can also be significant...
have of their own infection is the horizontal transmission to a sexual partner or the verticaltransmission of neonatal herpes to a newborn at term. Since...
– Vertical Magazine". verticalmag.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015. "Helicopter Transport of Transmission Towers"...
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